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Tek Maddeli Narsisizm Ölçeği’nin Kısıtları ve Eleştirileri

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 354 - 370, 30.06.2019

Emrah Özsoy

https://doi.org/10.33905/bseusbed.550128

Abstract

Narsisizm son dönemlerde psikolojinin çeşitli alt dallarında
ve örgütsel davranış araştırmalarında yaygın bir şekilde çalışılmaya
başlanmıştır. Narsisizm farklı sınıflandırmalar ve buna bağlı olarak çeşitli
boyutlar kapsamında incelenen bir yapıdır. Bu kapsamda klinik araştırmalarda
kişilik bozukluğu ya da patolojik narsisizm ayrımlarında, sosyal psikoloji ve
örgütsel psikoloji araştırmalarında ağırlıklı subklinik düzeyde
incelenmektedir. Ek olarak kırılgan, büyüklenmeci (grandiose), normal,
hipersensitif ve toplumsal narsisizm sınıflandırmaları da bulunmaktadır. Her
bir sınıflandırma kapsamında da farklı boyutlar incelenmektedir. Bu sebeple narsisizmin
tek madde ile ölçülmesi zorlaşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Konrath, Meier ve Bushman
(2014) tarafından geliştirilen ve Özsoy vd., (2017) tarafından Türkçe’ye
uyarlanan tek maddeli narsisizm ölçeğinin (Single Item Narcissim Scale: SINS)
Türkçe Formunun (SINS-T), psikometrik özelliklerine ilişkin ek bulgu elde etmek
amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda iki ayrı çalışmada (çalışma 1 n = 349, çalışma 2 n
= 236 Toplam N = 585), SINS-T’nin psikometrik özellikleri incelenmiştir.
Çalışma 1’de akademisyen örnekleminde Karanlık Üçlü bileşenleri (Narsisizm,
Makyavelizm ve Psikopati) ile; Çalışma 2’de hetorojen bir çalışan grubu
örnekleminde Beş faktör kişilik özellikleri ve NPI-16 değişkenleri ile
SINS-T’nin psikometrik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Söz konusu değişkenlerle SINS-T’nin
yakınsak ve ayırt edici geçerliği (nomolojik ağlar ve çok özellikli çoklu metot
yaklaşımı ile) sınanmıştır. Her iki çalışmada da erkeklerin skoru (SINS-T)  kadınlardan daha yüksek tespit edilmiştir. Her
iki araştırmada da SINS-T’nin psikometrik özellikleri geçerlik beklentilerini
belli bir düzeyde karşılamıştır. Ancak genel olarak tek maddeli ölçeklerin
kısıtları, narsisizm özelinde bir takım kısıtlar ve bu araştırmanın kısıtlarına
dayanarak, SINS-T’nin mevcut narsisizm ölçeklerine rakip olarak değerlendirilmemesi
gerektiği ancak alternatif bir ölçek olarak değerlendirilebileceği düşünülmektedir.
Tartışma bölümünde araştırma bulguları yorumlanmış, çalışmanın ve ölçeğin
kısıtları ve eleştirileri vurgulanmıştır. 

Keywords

Narsisizm Tek Maddeli Narsisizm Ölçeği Psikometrik Özellikler Kısıtlar Eleştiriler

References

  • Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği, APA, (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5. Baskı). Washington, DC: Londra, İngiltere. American Psychiatric Association.
  • Ames, Daniel R., Rose, Paul, ve Anderson, Cameron P. (2006). The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 440–450.
  • Ardiç, K., ve Özsoy, E. (2016). Examining the relationship between the dark triad traits and bigfive personality dimensions. Proceedings of thefifth European academic research conference on global business, economics,finance and banking (EAR16TurkeyConference), Istanbul-Turkey.
  • Atari, M., ve Chegeni, R. (2016). Assessment of dark personalities in Iran: Psychometric evaluation of the Farsi translation of the Short Dark Triad (SD3-F). Personality and Individual Differences, 102, 111–117.
  • Atay, S. (2009). Narsistik kişilik envanteri’nin Türkçe’ye standardizasyonu. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11, 181–196.
  • Barrick, M. R., ve Mount, M. K. (2012). Nature and use of personality in selection. In N. Schmitt (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of personnel assessment and selection (pp.225–251). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Blair, C.A., Hoffman, B.J., ve Helland, K.R. (2008). Narcissism in organizations: A multisource appraisal reflects different perspectives. Human Performance, 21, 254–276.
  • Book, A., Visser, B.A., ve Volk, A.A. (2015). Unpacking “evil”: Claiming the core of the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 73, 29–38.
  • Brown RP, Budzek K., ve Tamborski, M. (2009). On the meaning and measure of narcissism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 35, 951–964.
  • Campbell, W.K., Hoffman, B.J., Campbell, S.M., ve Marchisio, G. (2010). Narcissism in organizational contexts. Human resource management review, 21, 268–284.
  • Chatterjee, A., ve Hambrick, D. (2007). It's all about me: Narcissistic CEOs and their effects on company strategy and performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 52, 351–386.
  • Czarna, A.Z., Jonason, P.K., Dufner, M., ve Kossowska, M. (2016). The Dirty Dozen Scale: validation of a Polish version and extension of the nomological net. Frontiers in Psychology: Quantitative Psychology and Measurement, 7, 445.
  • Diamantopoulos, A., Sarstedt, M., Fuchs, C.,Wilczynski, P., ve Kaiser, S. (2012). Guidelines for choosing between multi-item and single-item scales for construct measurement: a predictive validity perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40, 434–449.
  • Egan, V., Chan, S., ve Shorter, G.W. (2014). The Dark Triad, happiness and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 67, 17–22.
  • Ekşi, F. (2016). The short form of the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory: Psychometric equivalence of the Turkish version. Educational Sciences: Theory ve Practice, 16, 1081–1096.
  • Emmons, R. A. (1984). Factor analysis and construct validity of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, 291–300.
  • Emmons, R. A. (1987). Narcissism: Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 11–17. Gebauer, J. E., Sedikides, C., Verplanken, B., ve Maio, G. R. (2012). Communal narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103, 854–878.
  • Gentile, B., Miller, J. D., Hoffman B. J., Reidy, D. E., Zeichner, A., ve Campbell, W. K. (2013). A test of two brief measures of grandiose narcissism: The Narcissistic Personality Inventory-13 and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16. Psychological Assessment, 4, 1120–36.
  • Glover, N., Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Crego, C., ve Widiger, T. A. (2012). The Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory: A five-factor measure of narcissistic personality traits. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 500–512.
  • Grijalva, E., ve Harms, P.D. (2014). Narcissism: An integrative synthesis and dominance complementarity model. Academy of Management Perspectives, 28, 108–127.
  • Hendin, H. M., ve Cheek, J. M. (1997). Assessing hypersensitive narcissism: A reexamination of Murray’s Narcissism Scale. Journal of Research in Personality, 31, 588–599.
  • Jonason, P. K., ve Webster, G. D. (2010). The Dirty Dozen: A concise measure of the Dark Triad. Psychological Assessment, 22, 420–432.
  • Jonason, P. K., Kaufman, S. B., Webster, G. D., ve Geher, G. (2013). What lies beneath the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen: Varied relations with the Big Five. Individual Differences Research, 11, 81–90.
  • Jonason, P. K., Valentine, K. A., Li, N. P., ve Harbeson, C.L. (2011). Mate-selection and the Dark Triad: facilitating a short-term mating strategy and creating a volatile environment. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 759–763.
  • Jones, D. N., ve Paulhus, D. L. (2013). Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3-T3): A Brief Measure of Dark Personality Traits. Assessment, 21, 28–41.
  • Kızıltan, H. (2000). Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) ölçeğinin Türkçe formu dil eşdeğerliliği, güvenirlik ve geçerlilik çalışmaları. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. İstanbul.
  • Konrath, S. H. (2008). Egos inflating over time: Rising narcissism and it implications for self-construal, cognitive style, and behavior. Dissertation Abstracts International B: The Sciences and Engineering, 7024 (Erişim Adresi;https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/57606/skonrath_2.pdf?sequence=2)
  • Konrath, S., Brian, P. M., ve Bushman, B. J. (2014). Development and validation of the Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS). PLoS ONE, 9, 8.
  • Kubarych, T. S., Deary, I. J., ve Austin, E. J. (2004). The Narcissistic Personality Inventory: Factor structure in a non-clinical sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 857–872.
  • Küfner, C .P., Dufner, M., ve Back, M. D. (2015). Das Dreckige Dutzend und die Niederträchtigen Neun Kurzskalen zur Erfassung von Narzissmus, Machiavellismus und Psychopathie. Diagnostica, 61, 76–91.
  • Lee, K., Ashton, M. C., Wiltshire, J., Bourdage, J. S., Visser, B. A., ve Gallucci, A. (2013). Sex, power, and money: Prediction from the Dark Triad and Honesty–Humility. European Journal of Personality, 27, 169–184.
  • Lucas, R. E., ve Donnellan, M. B. (2011). Estimating the reliability of single-item life satisfaction measures: Results from four national panel studies. Social Indicators Research, 105, 323–331.
  • McIver, J. P., ve Carmines, E. G. (1981).Unidimen-sional Scaling. Sage, Beverly Hills, CA.
  • Miller, J. D., Few, L. R., Seibert, L. A., Watts, A., Zeichner, A., ve Lynam, D. R. (2012). An examination of the Dirty Dozen measure of psychopathy: a cautionary tale about the costs of brief measures. Psychological Assessment, 24, 1048–1053.
  • Özsoy, E. (2018). Dark Triad and counterproductive work behaviors: which of the Dark Triad traits is more malevolent? Journal of Business Research-Turk, 10, 742–756.
  • Özsoy, E. (2019).Yöneticilerin Karanlık Kişilik Özelliklerinin Çalışanların Tükenmişlik Düzeylerine Etkisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 22,194–203.
  • Özsoy, E., Rauthmann, J. F., Jonason, P. K., ve Ardıç, K. (2017). Reliability and validity of Turkish version of Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD-T), Short Dark Triad (SD3-T) and Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS-T). Personality and Individual Differences, 117, 11–14.
  • Özsoy, E., ve Ardiç, A. (2017). Karanlik Üçlü'nün (Narsisizm, Makyavelizm ve Psikopati) İş Tatminine Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 24, 391–406.
  • Pincus, A. L., ve Lukowitsky, M. R. (2010). Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 421–446.
  • Pincus, A. L., Ansell, E. B., Pimentel, C. A., Cain, N. M., Wright, A., ve Levy, K. N. (2009). Initial construction and validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 21, 365–379.
  • Raskin, R., ve Terry, H. (1988). A Principal-Components Analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and Further Evidence of Its Construct Validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 890–902.
  • Raskin, R., ve Hall, C. S. (1979). A Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Psychological Reports, 40, 590.
  • Rauthmann, J. F., ve Kolar, G. (2012). How ‘‘dark’’ are the Dark Triad traits? Examining the darkness of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Personality and Individual Differences, 53, 884–889.
  • Sackett, P. R., ve Larson, J. R. (1990). Research strategies and tactics in I/O psychology. In M. D. Dunnette, P. L. Ackerman, L. M. Hough, & H. C. Triandis (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology Vol 1 (pp. 419–489). Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • Sauro, J. (2018). Is a single item enough to measure a construct (Erişim adresi: https://measuringu.com/single-multi-items/)
  • Steiger, J. H. (1980). Tests for comparing elements of a correlation matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 87, 245–251.
  • Tamura, A., Oshio, A., Tanaka, K., Masui, K., ve Jonason, P.K. (2015). Development, reliability and validity of the Japanese version of Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD-T-J). Japanese Journal of Personality, 1, 26–37.
  • van der Linden, S., ve Rosenthal, S.A. (2015). Measuring narcissism with a single question? A replication and extension of the Single-Item Narcissism Scale (SINS). Personality and Individual Differences, 90, 238–241.
  • Wanous, J. P., Reichers, A. E., ve Hudy, M. J. (1997). Overall job satisfaction: how good are single-item measures? J Applied Psychology, 82, 247–252.

Limitations and Criticisms of Single Item Narcissism Scale

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 354 - 370, 30.06.2019

Emrah Özsoy

https://doi.org/10.33905/bseusbed.550128

Abstract

Narcissism has recently been widely studied in the various subfields of psychology and in organizational behavior research. Narcissism is a structure that is studied under different classifications and related to this with various dimensions. In this context, it is examined at level of personality disorder or pathological narcissism in clinical research and at the subclinical level in social psychology and organizational psychology research. In addition, there are classifications of vulnerable, grandiose, normal, hypersensitive, collective narcissism. Within each classification, different aspects of narcissism are examined. Therefore, it is difficult to measure narcissism with a single item. In this study, it is aimed to obtain further findings on the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS-T) which was developed by Konrath, Meier, & Bushman (2014), and adapted into Turkish culture by Özsoy et al. (2017). In this direction, psychometric properties of SINS-T were investigated in two separate studies (study 1 n = 349, study 2, n = 236, Total N = 585). In study 1, with Dark Triad components (i.e., narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) on sample group of academicians; In the study 2, with five factor personality traits and NPI-16, on a heterogeneous employee group, the psychometric properties of SINS-T has been examined. With those variables the convergent and discriminant validity of SINS-T (with nomological networks and multi-method multi-method approach) were examined. In both studies, the score of SINS-T of men was higher than women. In both studies, the psychometric properties of SINS-T met the expectations of validity at a certain level. However, based on the limitations of single item scales, narcissism-specific constraints and the limitations of current research, it thought that SINS-T should not be considered as a competitor to current narcissi scales but it can be used as an alternative scale. In the discussion section, the findings of the study were interpreted and the limitations and criticisms of the study and SINS-T were emphasized. 

Key words: Narcissism, Single Item Narcissism Scale, Psychometric Properties, Limitations, Criticisms 

References

  • Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği, APA, (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5. Baskı). Washington, DC: Londra, İngiltere. American Psychiatric Association.
  • Ames, Daniel R., Rose, Paul, ve Anderson, Cameron P. (2006). The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 440–450.
  • Ardiç, K., ve Özsoy, E. (2016). Examining the relationship between the dark triad traits and bigfive personality dimensions. Proceedings of thefifth European academic research conference on global business, economics,finance and banking (EAR16TurkeyConference), Istanbul-Turkey.
  • Atari, M., ve Chegeni, R. (2016). Assessment of dark personalities in Iran: Psychometric evaluation of the Farsi translation of the Short Dark Triad (SD3-F). Personality and Individual Differences, 102, 111–117.
  • Atay, S. (2009). Narsistik kişilik envanteri’nin Türkçe’ye standardizasyonu. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11, 181–196.
  • Barrick, M. R., ve Mount, M. K. (2012). Nature and use of personality in selection. In N. Schmitt (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of personnel assessment and selection (pp.225–251). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Blair, C.A., Hoffman, B.J., ve Helland, K.R. (2008). Narcissism in organizations: A multisource appraisal reflects different perspectives. Human Performance, 21, 254–276.
  • Book, A., Visser, B.A., ve Volk, A.A. (2015). Unpacking “evil”: Claiming the core of the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 73, 29–38.
  • Brown RP, Budzek K., ve Tamborski, M. (2009). On the meaning and measure of narcissism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 35, 951–964.
  • Campbell, W.K., Hoffman, B.J., Campbell, S.M., ve Marchisio, G. (2010). Narcissism in organizational contexts. Human resource management review, 21, 268–284.
  • Chatterjee, A., ve Hambrick, D. (2007). It's all about me: Narcissistic CEOs and their effects on company strategy and performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 52, 351–386.
  • Czarna, A.Z., Jonason, P.K., Dufner, M., ve Kossowska, M. (2016). The Dirty Dozen Scale: validation of a Polish version and extension of the nomological net. Frontiers in Psychology: Quantitative Psychology and Measurement, 7, 445.
  • Diamantopoulos, A., Sarstedt, M., Fuchs, C.,Wilczynski, P., ve Kaiser, S. (2012). Guidelines for choosing between multi-item and single-item scales for construct measurement: a predictive validity perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40, 434–449.
  • Egan, V., Chan, S., ve Shorter, G.W. (2014). The Dark Triad, happiness and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 67, 17–22.
  • Ekşi, F. (2016). The short form of the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory: Psychometric equivalence of the Turkish version. Educational Sciences: Theory ve Practice, 16, 1081–1096.
  • Emmons, R. A. (1984). Factor analysis and construct validity of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, 291–300.
  • Emmons, R. A. (1987). Narcissism: Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 11–17. Gebauer, J. E., Sedikides, C., Verplanken, B., ve Maio, G. R. (2012). Communal narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103, 854–878.
  • Gentile, B., Miller, J. D., Hoffman B. J., Reidy, D. E., Zeichner, A., ve Campbell, W. K. (2013). A test of two brief measures of grandiose narcissism: The Narcissistic Personality Inventory-13 and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16. Psychological Assessment, 4, 1120–36.
  • Glover, N., Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Crego, C., ve Widiger, T. A. (2012). The Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory: A five-factor measure of narcissistic personality traits. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 500–512.
  • Grijalva, E., ve Harms, P.D. (2014). Narcissism: An integrative synthesis and dominance complementarity model. Academy of Management Perspectives, 28, 108–127.
  • Hendin, H. M., ve Cheek, J. M. (1997). Assessing hypersensitive narcissism: A reexamination of Murray’s Narcissism Scale. Journal of Research in Personality, 31, 588–599.
  • Jonason, P. K., ve Webster, G. D. (2010). The Dirty Dozen: A concise measure of the Dark Triad. Psychological Assessment, 22, 420–432.
  • Jonason, P. K., Kaufman, S. B., Webster, G. D., ve Geher, G. (2013). What lies beneath the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen: Varied relations with the Big Five. Individual Differences Research, 11, 81–90.
  • Jonason, P. K., Valentine, K. A., Li, N. P., ve Harbeson, C.L. (2011). Mate-selection and the Dark Triad: facilitating a short-term mating strategy and creating a volatile environment. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 759–763.
  • Jones, D. N., ve Paulhus, D. L. (2013). Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3-T3): A Brief Measure of Dark Personality Traits. Assessment, 21, 28–41.
  • Kızıltan, H. (2000). Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) ölçeğinin Türkçe formu dil eşdeğerliliği, güvenirlik ve geçerlilik çalışmaları. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. İstanbul.
  • Konrath, S. H. (2008). Egos inflating over time: Rising narcissism and it implications for self-construal, cognitive style, and behavior. Dissertation Abstracts International B: The Sciences and Engineering, 7024 (Erişim Adresi;https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/57606/skonrath_2.pdf?sequence=2)
  • Konrath, S., Brian, P. M., ve Bushman, B. J. (2014). Development and validation of the Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS). PLoS ONE, 9, 8.
  • Kubarych, T. S., Deary, I. J., ve Austin, E. J. (2004). The Narcissistic Personality Inventory: Factor structure in a non-clinical sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 857–872.
  • Küfner, C .P., Dufner, M., ve Back, M. D. (2015). Das Dreckige Dutzend und die Niederträchtigen Neun Kurzskalen zur Erfassung von Narzissmus, Machiavellismus und Psychopathie. Diagnostica, 61, 76–91.
  • Lee, K., Ashton, M. C., Wiltshire, J., Bourdage, J. S., Visser, B. A., ve Gallucci, A. (2013). Sex, power, and money: Prediction from the Dark Triad and Honesty–Humility. European Journal of Personality, 27, 169–184.
  • Lucas, R. E., ve Donnellan, M. B. (2011). Estimating the reliability of single-item life satisfaction measures: Results from four national panel studies. Social Indicators Research, 105, 323–331.
  • McIver, J. P., ve Carmines, E. G. (1981).Unidimen-sional Scaling. Sage, Beverly Hills, CA.
  • Miller, J. D., Few, L. R., Seibert, L. A., Watts, A., Zeichner, A., ve Lynam, D. R. (2012). An examination of the Dirty Dozen measure of psychopathy: a cautionary tale about the costs of brief measures. Psychological Assessment, 24, 1048–1053.
  • Özsoy, E. (2018). Dark Triad and counterproductive work behaviors: which of the Dark Triad traits is more malevolent? Journal of Business Research-Turk, 10, 742–756.
  • Özsoy, E. (2019).Yöneticilerin Karanlık Kişilik Özelliklerinin Çalışanların Tükenmişlik Düzeylerine Etkisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 22,194–203.
  • Özsoy, E., Rauthmann, J. F., Jonason, P. K., ve Ardıç, K. (2017). Reliability and validity of Turkish version of Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD-T), Short Dark Triad (SD3-T) and Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS-T). Personality and Individual Differences, 117, 11–14.
  • Özsoy, E., ve Ardiç, A. (2017). Karanlik Üçlü'nün (Narsisizm, Makyavelizm ve Psikopati) İş Tatminine Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 24, 391–406.
  • Pincus, A. L., ve Lukowitsky, M. R. (2010). Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 421–446.
  • Pincus, A. L., Ansell, E. B., Pimentel, C. A., Cain, N. M., Wright, A., ve Levy, K. N. (2009). Initial construction and validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 21, 365–379.
  • Raskin, R., ve Terry, H. (1988). A Principal-Components Analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and Further Evidence of Its Construct Validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 890–902.
  • Raskin, R., ve Hall, C. S. (1979). A Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Psychological Reports, 40, 590.
  • Rauthmann, J. F., ve Kolar, G. (2012). How ‘‘dark’’ are the Dark Triad traits? Examining the darkness of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Personality and Individual Differences, 53, 884–889.
  • Sackett, P. R., ve Larson, J. R. (1990). Research strategies and tactics in I/O psychology. In M. D. Dunnette, P. L. Ackerman, L. M. Hough, & H. C. Triandis (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology Vol 1 (pp. 419–489). Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • Sauro, J. (2018). Is a single item enough to measure a construct (Erişim adresi: https://measuringu.com/single-multi-items/)
  • Steiger, J. H. (1980). Tests for comparing elements of a correlation matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 87, 245–251.
  • Tamura, A., Oshio, A., Tanaka, K., Masui, K., ve Jonason, P.K. (2015). Development, reliability and validity of the Japanese version of Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD-T-J). Japanese Journal of Personality, 1, 26–37.
  • van der Linden, S., ve Rosenthal, S.A. (2015). Measuring narcissism with a single question? A replication and extension of the Single-Item Narcissism Scale (SINS). Personality and Individual Differences, 90, 238–241.
  • Wanous, J. P., Reichers, A. E., ve Hudy, M. J. (1997). Overall job satisfaction: how good are single-item measures? J Applied Psychology, 82, 247–252.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Emrah Özsoy 0000-0003-2886-8824

Publication Date June 30, 2019
Submission Date April 5, 2019
Acceptance Date May 2, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özsoy, E. (2019). Tek Maddeli Narsisizm Ölçeği’nin Kısıtları ve Eleştirileri. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(1), 354-370. https://doi.org/10.33905/bseusbed.550128
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