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Foramen magnum ve kranyumun uyumu: Anatomik ve radyolojik bir çalışma

Year 2022, Volume: 47 Issue: 2, 876 - 885, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1102142

Abstract

Amaç: Bu retrospektif çalışmada, foramen magnum (FM) ve kranyum ile ilişkili ölçümlerin referans noktalarını incelendi. Ayrıca, FM ve kafatası harmonisi hem kuru kemik üzerinde hem de Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (BT) kullanılarak sağlıklı kişilerde hesaplandı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Mevcut çalışma, yaşları 18-67 yaş arası değişen Türk popülasyonuna ait 185 sağlıklı yetişkin (90 kadın; 95 erkek) ve cinsiyeti belli olmayan yetişkin Anadolu insanına ait 15 kuru kafatası kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. FM şekilleri iki yarım daire, oval, yuvarlak, yumurta, dörtgen, beşgen, altıgen ve düzensiz olarak sınıflandırıldı. FM ve kranyum ön-arka uzunluğu ve transvers genişliği hem fotograf hemde BT üzerinde ölçüldü.
Bulgular: Ölçümlerin ortalama ve standard sapmaları üç grup için verildi. FM genişliği (FMG) ve ön arka uzunluğu (FMU) ölçüm sonuçlarının doğruluğunu kontrol etmek için üç ayrı gruba, bir formül uygulandı (FMG=kranyal genişlik/4,26; grup 1, kuru kafatası için; kranyal genişlik/4,66; grup 2, erkekler için BT ölçümleri; kranyal genişlik/4,66; grup 3, kadınlar için BT ölçümleri ve FMU=Kranial uzunluk (KU)/4,51; Grup 1; KU/4,33; Grup 2 için ve KU/4,16; Grup 3 için). Oval tip FM, kuru kafatasında (%26,67), kadın (%23,33) ve erkek (%28,42) BT’de en yaygın görülen şekildi.
Sonuç: Mevcut çalışma yetişkin Türk popülasyona ve kuru kafatasına ait FM ve kranyum harmonisi ile ilgili klinik uygulamalarda kullanılmak üzere FM ve kranyum arasındaki harmoniyi gösterecek kaydadeğer bir veri sunmaktadır. Dörtgen ve altıgen şekilli FM’ye, kuru kafatasında rastlanılmazken, tetragonal tip FM hem kadın hem de erkeklerde en az karşılaşılan tip FM’ydi.

References

  • 1. Moore KL, Dalley AF. Çev.Ed. Şahinoğlu K. Kliniğe Yönelik Anatomi. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri. 4.Baskı. 2007. İstanbul. 833-46.
  • 2. Ulcay T, Kamaşak B, Görgülü Ö, Uzun A, Aycan K. A golden ratio for foramen magnum: an anatomical pilot study. Folia Morphol. 81;1:220-6.
  • 3. Bernard S, Loukas M, Rizk E, Oskouian RJ, Delashaw J, Tubbs RS. The human occipital bone: review and update on its embryology and molecular development. Childs Nerv Syst. 2015;31: 2217-23.
  • 4. Govsa F, Ozer MA, Celik S, Ozmutaf NM. Three-dimensional anatomic landmarks of the foramen magnum for the craniovertebral junction. J Craniofac Surg. 2011;22:1073-6.
  • 5. Healy J, Varacallo M. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Foramen Magnum. StatPearls Publishing; 2019.
  • 6. Avci E, Dagtekin A, Ozturk AH, Kara E, Ozturk NC, Uluc K, Akture E, Baskaya MK. Anatomical variations of the foramen magnum, occipital condyle and jugular tubercle. Turk Neurosurg. 2011;21:181-90.
  • 7. Chethan P, Prakash KG, Murlimanju BV, Prashanth KU, Prabhu LV, Saralaya VV et al. Morphological analysis and morphometry of the foramen magnum: an anatomical investigation. Turk Neurosurg. 2012;22:416-9.
  • 8. Gruber P, Henneberg M, Böni T, et al. Variability of human foramen magnum size. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2009;292:1713–9.
  • 9. Sharma S, Mathur S, Joshi P, Gupta UK. Morphological and morphometric study of Foramen Magnum in dried human skull bones of North-West Indian region. International journal of approximate reasoning. 2020;8: 7777-81.
  • 10. Singh D, Patnaik P, Gupta N. Morphology and Morphometric Analysis of the Foramen Magnum in Dried Adult Skulls in North Indian Region. 2020;9:36-42.
  • 11. Degno S, Abrha M, Asmare Y, Muche A. Anatomical Variation in Morphometry and Morphology of the Foramen Magnum and Occipital Condyle in Dried Adult Skulls. J Craniofac Surg. 2019;30:256-9.
  • 12. Radhika PM, Shetty S, Prathap KJ, Sheshgiri C, Jyothi KC. Morphometric study of the foramen magnum in adult human skulls in indian population. Asian J Med Clin Sci. 2014;3:68-72.
  • 13. Krishna K, Nag AR, Prasad R. Morphometric study of foramen magnum and variation in its shape. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2016;15:120-3.
  • 14. Arıncı K, Elhan A. Anatomi 1.Cilt. Kemikler, Eklemler, Kaslar, İç organlar. Güneş Tıp Kitabevleri. 7.Baskı. Ankara.
  • 15. Drake RL, Vogl AW, Mitchell AWM. Çev.Ed. Yıldırım M. Gray’s Tıp Fakültesi öğrencileri için Anatomi.2.Baskı.812-32.
  • 16. Rooppakhun S, Surasith P, Vatanapatimakul N, Kaewprom Y, Sitthiseripratip K. Craniometric study of Thai skull based on three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) data. J Med Assoc Thai. 2010;93:90-8.
  • 17. Sangvichien S, Boonkaew K, Chuncharunee A, Komoltri C, Piyawinitwong S, Wongsawut A, et al. Sex determination in Thai skull by using craniometry: multiple logistic regression analysis. Siriraj Med J 2007;59:216-21.
  • 18. Burdan F, Szumiło J, Walocha J, Klepacz L, Madej B, Dworzański W, Klepacz R, Dworzańska A, Czekajska-Chehab E, Drop A. Morphology of the foramen magnum in young Eastern European adults. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2012;71:205-16.

Harmony of the foramen magnum and cranium: An anatomical and radiological study

Year 2022, Volume: 47 Issue: 2, 876 - 885, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1102142

Abstract

Purpose: The measurements’ reference points associated with foramen magnum (FM) and cranium were examined in this retrospective study. Also, the relation between FM and cranium harmony were calculated both on dry skull and in healthy subjects performed on computed tomography (CT).
Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on 185 healthy adult subjects (90 females; 95 males) aged between 18–67 years and 15 dried skull of unknown gender of an Anatolian population. The shapes of the FM were classified as two semicircle, oval, round, egg, tetragonal, pentagonal, hexagonal and irregular shapes. The anteroposterior length and transverse width of the FM and cranium were measured on both photos and CT.
Results: The means and standard deviations of the measurements were given for three groups. To control the accuracy of FM width (FMW) and length (FML) results, a formula was used for three groups including dried skull and CT measurements of females and males, seperately (FMW=Cranial width (CW)/4.26 for group 1, CW/4.66 for group 2 and CW/4.66 for group 3; and FML=Cranial length (CL)/4.51 for group 1, CL/4.33 for group 2 and CL/4.16 for group 3). The oval type FM was predominant (26.67%) in dried skull and (23.33%) in females and (28.42%) in males.
Conclusion: The present study presents noteworthy data about FM and cranium harmony of the adult Turkish population and dry skulls that will show a harmony between cranium and foramen magnum in clinical practice. There was no tetragonal and hexagonal FM types in dried skulls and tetragonal type FM was the least seen type in females and males.

References

  • 1. Moore KL, Dalley AF. Çev.Ed. Şahinoğlu K. Kliniğe Yönelik Anatomi. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri. 4.Baskı. 2007. İstanbul. 833-46.
  • 2. Ulcay T, Kamaşak B, Görgülü Ö, Uzun A, Aycan K. A golden ratio for foramen magnum: an anatomical pilot study. Folia Morphol. 81;1:220-6.
  • 3. Bernard S, Loukas M, Rizk E, Oskouian RJ, Delashaw J, Tubbs RS. The human occipital bone: review and update on its embryology and molecular development. Childs Nerv Syst. 2015;31: 2217-23.
  • 4. Govsa F, Ozer MA, Celik S, Ozmutaf NM. Three-dimensional anatomic landmarks of the foramen magnum for the craniovertebral junction. J Craniofac Surg. 2011;22:1073-6.
  • 5. Healy J, Varacallo M. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Foramen Magnum. StatPearls Publishing; 2019.
  • 6. Avci E, Dagtekin A, Ozturk AH, Kara E, Ozturk NC, Uluc K, Akture E, Baskaya MK. Anatomical variations of the foramen magnum, occipital condyle and jugular tubercle. Turk Neurosurg. 2011;21:181-90.
  • 7. Chethan P, Prakash KG, Murlimanju BV, Prashanth KU, Prabhu LV, Saralaya VV et al. Morphological analysis and morphometry of the foramen magnum: an anatomical investigation. Turk Neurosurg. 2012;22:416-9.
  • 8. Gruber P, Henneberg M, Böni T, et al. Variability of human foramen magnum size. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2009;292:1713–9.
  • 9. Sharma S, Mathur S, Joshi P, Gupta UK. Morphological and morphometric study of Foramen Magnum in dried human skull bones of North-West Indian region. International journal of approximate reasoning. 2020;8: 7777-81.
  • 10. Singh D, Patnaik P, Gupta N. Morphology and Morphometric Analysis of the Foramen Magnum in Dried Adult Skulls in North Indian Region. 2020;9:36-42.
  • 11. Degno S, Abrha M, Asmare Y, Muche A. Anatomical Variation in Morphometry and Morphology of the Foramen Magnum and Occipital Condyle in Dried Adult Skulls. J Craniofac Surg. 2019;30:256-9.
  • 12. Radhika PM, Shetty S, Prathap KJ, Sheshgiri C, Jyothi KC. Morphometric study of the foramen magnum in adult human skulls in indian population. Asian J Med Clin Sci. 2014;3:68-72.
  • 13. Krishna K, Nag AR, Prasad R. Morphometric study of foramen magnum and variation in its shape. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2016;15:120-3.
  • 14. Arıncı K, Elhan A. Anatomi 1.Cilt. Kemikler, Eklemler, Kaslar, İç organlar. Güneş Tıp Kitabevleri. 7.Baskı. Ankara.
  • 15. Drake RL, Vogl AW, Mitchell AWM. Çev.Ed. Yıldırım M. Gray’s Tıp Fakültesi öğrencileri için Anatomi.2.Baskı.812-32.
  • 16. Rooppakhun S, Surasith P, Vatanapatimakul N, Kaewprom Y, Sitthiseripratip K. Craniometric study of Thai skull based on three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) data. J Med Assoc Thai. 2010;93:90-8.
  • 17. Sangvichien S, Boonkaew K, Chuncharunee A, Komoltri C, Piyawinitwong S, Wongsawut A, et al. Sex determination in Thai skull by using craniometry: multiple logistic regression analysis. Siriraj Med J 2007;59:216-21.
  • 18. Burdan F, Szumiło J, Walocha J, Klepacz L, Madej B, Dworzański W, Klepacz R, Dworzańska A, Czekajska-Chehab E, Drop A. Morphology of the foramen magnum in young Eastern European adults. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2012;71:205-16.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research
Authors

Mahmut Oksüzler 0000-0002-3730-5487

Duygu Vurallı 0000-0002-8213-6387

Sema Özandaç Polat 0000-0001-7330-5487

Pınar Göker 0000-0002-0015-3010

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Acceptance Date June 3, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 47 Issue: 2

Cite

MLA Oksüzler, Mahmut et al. “Harmony of the Foramen Magnum and Cranium: An Anatomical and Radiological Study”. Cukurova Medical Journal, vol. 47, no. 2, 2022, pp. 876-85, doi:10.17826/cumj.1102142.