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Türkiye'nin batı bölgesinde bir şehirde COVID-19 pandemisi öncesi ve sırasında intihar eğilimlerinin karşılaştırılması

Year 2022, Volume: 47 Issue: 3, 1095 - 1104, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1103467

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Covid-19 pandemisi erken döneminde Manisa ili tamamlanmış intiharların, pandemi öncesi aynı zaman aralığıyla karşılaştırılması ve pandemiye özgü tamamlanmış intihar trendleri olup olmadığının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır
Gereç ve Yöntem: Manisa ilinde Ocak 2019- Şubat 2020 (pandemi öncesi dönem) ile Mart 2020- Haziran 2021 (pandemi dönemi) tarihleri arasındaki tamamlanmış intiharların 165 tanesi çalışmaya kabul edilmiştir. Sosyodemografik ve klinik özellikleri bakımından tamamlanmış intiharlar karşılaştırılmıştır.
Bulgular: Pandemi öncesi tamamlanmış intihar sayısının 84, pandemi sonrası tamamlanan intihar sayısının ise 78 olduğu belirlendi. Bulgulara göre pandemi öncesi ve sonrası intihar sayıları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yoktu. Sosyodemografik bulgulara göre cinsiyet, yaş, meslek, eğitim açısından pandemi öncesi ve sırasında anlamlı bir farklılaşma saptanmadı. Pandemi öncesi ve sonrası tamamlanmış intiharlar arasında medeni durum açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulundu. Pandemi öncesi ve sonrası tamamlanan intiharlar arasında mevsimsel açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu belirlendi. Pandemi öncesi ve sonrası tamamlanan intiharlarda yerleşim yeri açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu belirlendi.
Sonuç: Tamamlanmış intiharların üzerinde pandemi döneminin bir etken olmadığı sonucuna varıldı. Ancak pandemi sonrası dönemde sıklıkla bahar döneminde, evli, eğitim seviyesi düşük, şehir merkezinde ikamet eden, işi olan bireylerde, önceden duygudurum bozukluğu gibi psikiyatrik tanısı olan bireylerde daha çok ası yoluyla tamamlanmış intiharların görülmesi dikkat çekicidir.

References

  • References 1. WHO. Suicide worldwide in 2019: global health estimates. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019.
  • 2. WHO. Preventing suicide: a resource for filmmakers and others working on stage and screen. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019.
  • 3. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P. Kaplan and Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. Tenth. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2017.
  • 4. United Nations Statistics. Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development [Internet]. New York; 2020. Available from: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global Indicator Framework after 2019 refinement_Eng.pdf%0Ahttps://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global Indicator Framework_A.RES.71.313 Annex.pdf
  • 5. IMF. World Economic Outlook: Recovery during a Pandemic - Health Concerns, Supply Disruptions, and Price Pressures [Internet]. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund; 2021. 97–8 p. Available from: https://iiep.gwu.edu/2021/10/26/imf-world-economic-outlook-recovery-during-a-pandemic-health-concerns-supply-disruptions-and-price-pressures/
  • 6. OECD. Evaluating the initial impact of COVID-19 containment measures on economic activity [Internet]. Tackling coronavirus contributing to a global effort. 2020. Available from: https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=126_126496-evgsi2gmqj&title=Evaluating_the_initial_impact_of_COVID-19_containment_measures_on_economic_activity
  • 7. Dohrenwend BP. Egoism, Altruism, Anomie, and Fatalism: A Conceptual Analysis of Durkheim’s Types. Am Sociol Rev. 1959;24(4):473.
  • 8. McIntyre RS, Lee Y. Projected increases in suicide in Canada as a consequence of COVID-19. Psychiatry Res [Internet]. 2020;290(May):113104. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113104
  • 9. Moutier C. Suicide Prevention in the COVID-19 Era: Transforming Threat into Opportunity. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021;78(4):433–8.
  • 10. TÜİK. Ölüm ve ölüm nedeni istatistikleri [Internet]. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. 2019. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Olum-ve-Olum-Nedeni-Istatistikleri-2019-33710 (Access date 12.03.2022)
  • 11. Knoll JL. The psychological autopsy, part I: Applications and methods. J Psychiatr Pract. 2008;14(6):393–7.
  • 12. Knoll JL. The psychological autopsy, part II: Toward a standardized protocol. J Psychiatr Pract. 2009;15(1):52–9.
  • 13. Knoll JL, Hatters-Friedman S. The Homicide-Suicide Phenomenon: Findings of Psychological Autopsies. J Forensic Sci. 2015;60(5):1253–7.
  • 14. Topaktaş B, Dündar C, Çağlayan Z. Sociodemographic Pattern of Suicide and Attempted Suicide Cases in Ardahan Province in 2013-2016. Kafkas J Med Sci. 2020;10(2):74–80.
  • 15. Çiftçi H, Kaya F, Bostanci N. Kars ilinde intihar ve intihar girişimlerinin üç yıllık değerlendirilmesi. Psikiyatr Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2020;12(Suppl 1):255–67.
  • 16. Santomauro DF, Mantilla Herrera AM, Shadid J, Zheng P, Ashbaugh C, Pigott DM, et al. Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet. 2021;398(10312):1700–12.
  • 17. WHO. Live life: an Implementation guide for suicide prevention in countries. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. 1–142 p.
  • 18. Reeves A, Stuckler D, McKee M, Gunnell D, Chang S Sen, Basu S. Increase in state suicide rates in the USA during economic recession. Lancet [Internet]. 2012;380:1813–4. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61910-2
  • 19. Taktak Ş, Üzün İ, Balcıoğlu İ. İstanbul’da tamamlanmış intihar olgularının psikolojik otopsisi. Anadolu Psikiyatr Derg. 2012;13:117–24.
  • 20. Gönenir Erbay L, Celbiş O, Oruç M, Karlıdağ R. Adli Tıp Kurumu Malatya Grup Başkanlığı’na gelen tamamlanmış intihar olgularının psikolojik otopsi yöntemi ile incelenmesi. Adli Tıp Derg. 2020;34(1):1–6.
  • 21. Radeloff D, Papsdorf R, Uhlig K, Vasilache A, Putnam K, Von Klitzing K. Trends in suicide rates during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions in a major German city. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2021;30(e16):1–5.
  • 22. Sardar T, Biswas R, Biswas A, Chatterjee S. Suicidal deaths amid COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional autopsy-based study. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol. 2021;15(4):2696–704.
  • 23. Demir S, Yazar ME, Kurtuluş Dereli A, Acar K. Denizli’deki intihar ölümlerinin analizi 10 yıllık retrospektif otopsi çalışması. Adli Tıp Bülteni. 2018;23(2):93–9.
  • 24. Karataş KS, Şahin MF, Sevinç S. Tamamlanmış intiharlarda psikolojik otopsi yöntemi ile intihar belirleyici faktörlerin araştırılması. Adli Tıp Derg. 2016;30(2):128–34.
  • 25. Yu J, Yang D, Kim Y, Hashizume M, Gasparrini A, Armstrong B, et al. Seasonality of suicide: A multi-country multi-community observational study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2020;29(e163):1–10.
  • 26. Christodoulou C, Douzenis A, Papadopoulos FC, Papadopoulou A, Bouras G, Gournellis R, et al. Suicide and seasonality. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2012;125(2):127–46.
  • 27. Pirkis J, John A, Shin S, DelPozo-Banos M, Arya V, Analuisa-Aguilar P, et al. Suicide trends in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic: an interrupted time-series analysis of preliminary data from 21 countries. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8(7):579–88.
  • 28. NCISH. Suicide in England since the covid-19 pandemic: early figures from real time surveillance [Internet]. 2020. Available from: https://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=51861
  • 29. Dietze PM, Peacock A, Mariottini C, Ojanperä I, Kriikku P, Wang QQ, et al. Mental Health, Substance Use, and Suicidal Ideation During the COVID-19 Pandemic [Internet]. Vol. 69, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. United States; 2020. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106754%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41380-020-00880-7
  • 30. Calderon-Anyosa RJC, Kaufman JS. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown policy on homicide, suicide, and motor vehicle deaths in Peru. Prev Med (Baltim) [Internet]. 2021;143. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106331
  • 31. Mamun MA. Suicide and suicidal behaviors in the context of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: A systematic review. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2021;14:695–704.
  • 32. Botchway S, Fazel S. Remaining vigilant about COVID-19 and suicide. The Lancet Psychiatry [Internet]. 2021;8(7):552–3. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00117-6
  • 33. Sher L. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates. QJM An Int J Med. 2020;113(10):707–12.
  • 34. Ayers JW, Poliak A, Johnson DC, Leas EC, Dredze M, Caputi T, et al. Suicide-Related Internet Searches during the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(1):21–4.
  • 35. Appleby L. What has been the effect of covid-19 on suicide rates? BMJ. 2021;372(n834):4–5.

Comparison of suicidal tendencies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a city in the western region of Turkey

Year 2022, Volume: 47 Issue: 3, 1095 - 1104, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1103467

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to compare the completed suicides in the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic with the completed suicides in the same time interval immediately before the pandemic in the Manisa Province of Turkey and to investigate whether there are pandemic-specific completed suicide trends.
Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 162 completed suicides that occurred between January 2019 - February 2020 (pre-pandemic period) and March 2020 - June 2021 (pandemic period) in Manisa Province. Completed suicides were compared in terms of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
Results: The number of completed suicides before and during the pandemic was 84 and 78, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods in the number of completed suicides. In terms of sociodemographic characteristics, marital status, contrary to gender, age, employment status, and educational level, caused a significant difference in the number of suicides before and during the pandemic period. Additionally, the season when the completed suicide occurred and the type of place of residence of the individuals with completed suicide, caused a significant difference in the number of suicides
Conclusion: The study's findings indicated that the pandemic period was not a factor in general in completed suicides. Specifically, however, it is noteworthy that suicide by hanging was more common during the pandemic period, in the spring season, among individuals who were married, employed, resided in urban areas, had a low educational level, and had a history of psychiatric diseases such as mood disorders.

References

  • References 1. WHO. Suicide worldwide in 2019: global health estimates. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019.
  • 2. WHO. Preventing suicide: a resource for filmmakers and others working on stage and screen. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019.
  • 3. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P. Kaplan and Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. Tenth. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2017.
  • 4. United Nations Statistics. Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development [Internet]. New York; 2020. Available from: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global Indicator Framework after 2019 refinement_Eng.pdf%0Ahttps://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global Indicator Framework_A.RES.71.313 Annex.pdf
  • 5. IMF. World Economic Outlook: Recovery during a Pandemic - Health Concerns, Supply Disruptions, and Price Pressures [Internet]. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund; 2021. 97–8 p. Available from: https://iiep.gwu.edu/2021/10/26/imf-world-economic-outlook-recovery-during-a-pandemic-health-concerns-supply-disruptions-and-price-pressures/
  • 6. OECD. Evaluating the initial impact of COVID-19 containment measures on economic activity [Internet]. Tackling coronavirus contributing to a global effort. 2020. Available from: https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=126_126496-evgsi2gmqj&title=Evaluating_the_initial_impact_of_COVID-19_containment_measures_on_economic_activity
  • 7. Dohrenwend BP. Egoism, Altruism, Anomie, and Fatalism: A Conceptual Analysis of Durkheim’s Types. Am Sociol Rev. 1959;24(4):473.
  • 8. McIntyre RS, Lee Y. Projected increases in suicide in Canada as a consequence of COVID-19. Psychiatry Res [Internet]. 2020;290(May):113104. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113104
  • 9. Moutier C. Suicide Prevention in the COVID-19 Era: Transforming Threat into Opportunity. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021;78(4):433–8.
  • 10. TÜİK. Ölüm ve ölüm nedeni istatistikleri [Internet]. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. 2019. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Olum-ve-Olum-Nedeni-Istatistikleri-2019-33710 (Access date 12.03.2022)
  • 11. Knoll JL. The psychological autopsy, part I: Applications and methods. J Psychiatr Pract. 2008;14(6):393–7.
  • 12. Knoll JL. The psychological autopsy, part II: Toward a standardized protocol. J Psychiatr Pract. 2009;15(1):52–9.
  • 13. Knoll JL, Hatters-Friedman S. The Homicide-Suicide Phenomenon: Findings of Psychological Autopsies. J Forensic Sci. 2015;60(5):1253–7.
  • 14. Topaktaş B, Dündar C, Çağlayan Z. Sociodemographic Pattern of Suicide and Attempted Suicide Cases in Ardahan Province in 2013-2016. Kafkas J Med Sci. 2020;10(2):74–80.
  • 15. Çiftçi H, Kaya F, Bostanci N. Kars ilinde intihar ve intihar girişimlerinin üç yıllık değerlendirilmesi. Psikiyatr Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2020;12(Suppl 1):255–67.
  • 16. Santomauro DF, Mantilla Herrera AM, Shadid J, Zheng P, Ashbaugh C, Pigott DM, et al. Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet. 2021;398(10312):1700–12.
  • 17. WHO. Live life: an Implementation guide for suicide prevention in countries. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. 1–142 p.
  • 18. Reeves A, Stuckler D, McKee M, Gunnell D, Chang S Sen, Basu S. Increase in state suicide rates in the USA during economic recession. Lancet [Internet]. 2012;380:1813–4. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61910-2
  • 19. Taktak Ş, Üzün İ, Balcıoğlu İ. İstanbul’da tamamlanmış intihar olgularının psikolojik otopsisi. Anadolu Psikiyatr Derg. 2012;13:117–24.
  • 20. Gönenir Erbay L, Celbiş O, Oruç M, Karlıdağ R. Adli Tıp Kurumu Malatya Grup Başkanlığı’na gelen tamamlanmış intihar olgularının psikolojik otopsi yöntemi ile incelenmesi. Adli Tıp Derg. 2020;34(1):1–6.
  • 21. Radeloff D, Papsdorf R, Uhlig K, Vasilache A, Putnam K, Von Klitzing K. Trends in suicide rates during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions in a major German city. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2021;30(e16):1–5.
  • 22. Sardar T, Biswas R, Biswas A, Chatterjee S. Suicidal deaths amid COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional autopsy-based study. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol. 2021;15(4):2696–704.
  • 23. Demir S, Yazar ME, Kurtuluş Dereli A, Acar K. Denizli’deki intihar ölümlerinin analizi 10 yıllık retrospektif otopsi çalışması. Adli Tıp Bülteni. 2018;23(2):93–9.
  • 24. Karataş KS, Şahin MF, Sevinç S. Tamamlanmış intiharlarda psikolojik otopsi yöntemi ile intihar belirleyici faktörlerin araştırılması. Adli Tıp Derg. 2016;30(2):128–34.
  • 25. Yu J, Yang D, Kim Y, Hashizume M, Gasparrini A, Armstrong B, et al. Seasonality of suicide: A multi-country multi-community observational study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2020;29(e163):1–10.
  • 26. Christodoulou C, Douzenis A, Papadopoulos FC, Papadopoulou A, Bouras G, Gournellis R, et al. Suicide and seasonality. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2012;125(2):127–46.
  • 27. Pirkis J, John A, Shin S, DelPozo-Banos M, Arya V, Analuisa-Aguilar P, et al. Suicide trends in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic: an interrupted time-series analysis of preliminary data from 21 countries. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8(7):579–88.
  • 28. NCISH. Suicide in England since the covid-19 pandemic: early figures from real time surveillance [Internet]. 2020. Available from: https://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=51861
  • 29. Dietze PM, Peacock A, Mariottini C, Ojanperä I, Kriikku P, Wang QQ, et al. Mental Health, Substance Use, and Suicidal Ideation During the COVID-19 Pandemic [Internet]. Vol. 69, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. United States; 2020. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106754%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41380-020-00880-7
  • 30. Calderon-Anyosa RJC, Kaufman JS. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown policy on homicide, suicide, and motor vehicle deaths in Peru. Prev Med (Baltim) [Internet]. 2021;143. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106331
  • 31. Mamun MA. Suicide and suicidal behaviors in the context of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: A systematic review. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2021;14:695–704.
  • 32. Botchway S, Fazel S. Remaining vigilant about COVID-19 and suicide. The Lancet Psychiatry [Internet]. 2021;8(7):552–3. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00117-6
  • 33. Sher L. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates. QJM An Int J Med. 2020;113(10):707–12.
  • 34. Ayers JW, Poliak A, Johnson DC, Leas EC, Dredze M, Caputi T, et al. Suicide-Related Internet Searches during the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(1):21–4.
  • 35. Appleby L. What has been the effect of covid-19 on suicide rates? BMJ. 2021;372(n834):4–5.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research
Authors

Cengiz Cengisiz 0000-0001-5552-8767

Lut Tamam 0000-0002-9750-7531

Gökhan Dizdar 0000-0002-6167-1997

Ezgi Paşaoğlu 0000-0002-0972-5273

Ertan Yılmaz 0000-0002-9926-9661

Publication Date September 30, 2022
Acceptance Date July 17, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 47 Issue: 3

Cite

MLA Cengisiz, Cengiz et al. “Comparison of Suicidal Tendencies before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a City in the Western Region of Turkey”. Cukurova Medical Journal, vol. 47, no. 3, 2022, pp. 1095-04, doi:10.17826/cumj.1103467.