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Plasma kallistatin levels in patients with COVID-19

Year 2023, Volume: 48 Issue: 4, 1199 - 1206, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1316587

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate kallistatin levels in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and compare them with healthy controls.
Materials and Methods: A total of 40 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, and 45 healthy controls were included in the study. The patient group was divided into 2 groups: patients treated in the service (n:20) and patients treated in the intensive care unit (n:20). Kallistatin levels were measured using the ELISA method.
Results: There was a significant difference in kallistatin levels between the patient group (n:40) and the control group (n:45). There was no significant difference in kallistatin between COVID-19 patients treated in the service and those treated in the intensive care unit. We found that the AUC for kallistatin was 0.856 in the ROC analysis performed between the patient and control groups. When comparing service and ICU patients in terms of laboratory parameters, there was a significant difference between the groups due to elevated potassium, AST, creatinine, ferritin, HGB and LDH in ICU patients.
Conclusion: As a result, kallistatin levels were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. Comprehensive studies with more patients are needed to understand whether kallistatin is elevated in COVID-19 patients due to the effects of COVID-19 or to eliminate oxidative stress.

Supporting Institution

This research is financially supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)

Project Number

Grant/Award Number: BIDEP-2209A Number: 1919B012109027.

References

  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395:497-506.
  • Li H, Liu SM, Yu XH, Tang SL, Tang CK. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Current status and future perspectives. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;55:105951.
  • Cecchini R, Cecchini AL. SARS-CoV-2 infection pathogenesis is related to oxidative stress as a response to aggression. Med Hypotheses. 2020;143:110102.
  • Popadic V, Klasnja S, Milic N, Rajovic N, Aleksic A, Milenkovic M et al. Predictors of mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients demanding high oxygen flow: A thin linebetween inflammation, cytokine storm, and coagulopathy. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021;20:6648199.
  • Lang M, Som A, Carey D, Reid N, Mendoza DP, Flores EJ et al. Pulmonary vascular manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging. 2020;43:e200277.
  • Yucel K, Fuat Gurbuz A. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and ischemia-modified albumin levels in intensive care COVID-19 Patients. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2022;43:415-20.
  • Chao J, Li P, Chao L. Kallistatin: double-edged role in angiogenesis, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Biol Chem. 2017;398:1309-17.
  • Chao J, Guo Y, Chao L. Protective role of endogenous kallistatin in vascular injury and senescence by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018;2018:4138560.
  • Liu Y, Bledsoe G, Hagiwara M, Shen B, Chao L, Chao J. Depletion of endogenous kallistatin exacerbates renal and cardiovascular oxidative stress, inflammation, and organ remodeling. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2012;303:1230-8.
  • Wang G, Zou J, Yu X, Yin S, Tang C. The antiatherogenic function of kallistatin and its potential mechanism. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2020;52:583-9.
  • Yao Y, Li B, Liu C, Fu C, Li P, Guo Y et al. Reduced plasma kallistatin is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease, and kallistatin treatment attenuates atherosclerotic plaque formation in mice. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7:e009562..
  • Yiu WH, Wong DW, Wu HJ, Li RX, Yam I, Chan LY et al. Kallistatin protects against diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice by suppressing AGE-RAGE-induced oxidative stress. Kidney Int. 2016;89:386-98.
  • Chao J, Bledsoe G, Chao L. Protective role of kallistatin in vascular and organ injury. Hypertension. 2016;68:533-41.
  • Gateva A, Assyov Y, Velikova T, Kamenov Z. Increased kallistatin levels in patients with obesity and prediabetes compared to normal glucose tolerance. Endocr Res. 2017;42:163-8.
  • Jenkins AJ, McBride JD, Januszewski AS, Karschimkus CS, Zhang B, O'Neal DN et al. Increased serum kallistatin levels in type 1 diabetes patients with vascular complications. J Angiogenes Res. 2010;22:19:1-8.
  • Ding ZY, Li GX, Chen L, Shu C, Song J, Wang W et al. Association of liver abnormalities with in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19. J Hepatol. 2021;74:1295-302.
  • Alhumaid S, Al Mutair A, Al Alawi Z, Al Salman K, Al Dossary N, Omar A et al. Clinical features and prognostic factors of intensive and non-intensive 1014 COVID-19 patients: an experience cohort from Alahsa, Saudi Arabia. Eur J Med Res. 2021;26:47.
  • Garrido P, Cueto P, Rovira C, Garcia E, Parra A, Enriquez R et al. Clinical value of procalcitonin in critically ill patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;46:525-31.
  • Cheng L, Li H, Li L, Liu C, Yan S, Chen H, et al. Ferritin in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Lab Anal. 2020;34: e23618.
  • Ramonfaur D, Aguirre-García GM, Diaz-Garza CA, Torre-Amione G, Sanchez-Nava VM, Lara-Medrano R et al. Early increase of serum ferritin among COVID-19 patients is associated with need of invasive mechanical ventilation and with in-hospital death. Infect Dis (Lond). 2022;54:810-8.
  • Qiu F, Wu Y, Zhang A, Xie G, Cao H, Du M et al. Changes of coagulation function and risk of stroke in patients with COVID-19. Brain Behav. 2021;16:e02185.
  • Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395:1054-62.
  • Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395:507-13.
  • Zhou C, Chen Y, Ji Y, He X, Xue D. Increased serum levels of Hepcidin and ferritin are associated with severity of COVID-19. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e926178.
  • Bahadirli S, Kurt E. Predicting intensive care ünit admissions for COVID-19 patients in the emergency department. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2022;16:1594-8.
  • Singla K, Puri GD, Guha Niyogi S, Mahajan V, Kajal K, Bhalla A. Predictors of the outcomes following the tocilizumab treatment for severe COVID-19. Cureus. 2022;14:e28428..
  • Ucciferri C, Caiazzo L, Di Nicola M, Borrelli P, Pontolillo M, Auricchio A et al. Parameters associated with diagnosis of COVID-19 in emergency department. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2021;9:851-61.
  • Lin WC, Chen CW, Huang YW, Chao L, Chao J, Lin YS et al. Kallistatin protects against sepsis-related acute lung injury via inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. Sci Rep. 2015;5:12463.
  • Sun HM, Mi YS, Yu FD, Han Y, Liu XS, Lu S et al. SERPINA4 is a novel independent prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res. 2016;6:1636-49.
  • Kim T, Suh GJ, Kwon WY, Kim KS, Jung YS, Shin SM. Lower serum kallistatin level is associated with 28-day mortality in patients with septic shock. J Crit Care. 2018;48:328-33.
  • Gateva A, Assyov Y, Velikova T, Kamenov Z. Increased kallistatin levels in patients with obesity and prediabetes compared to normal glucose tolerance. Endocr Res. 2017;42:163-8.
  • Jenkins AJ, McBride JD, Januszewski AS, Karschimkus CS, Zhang B, O'Neal DN et al. Increased serum kallistatin levels in type 1 diabetes patients with vascular complications. J Angiogenes Res. 2010;2:19.
  • Arakawa N, Matsuyama S, Matsuoka M, Kitamura I, Miyashita K, Kitagawa Y et al. Serum stratifin and presepsin as candidate biomarkers for early detection of COVID-19 disease progression. J Pharmacol Sci. 2022;150:21-30.

COVID-19 hastalarında plazma kallistatin düzeyleri

Year 2023, Volume: 48 Issue: 4, 1199 - 1206, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1316587

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 tanısı alan hastalarda kallistatin düzeylerini değerlendirmek ve sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırmaktı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya COVID-19 tanısı alan 40 hasta ve 45 sağlıklı kontrol dahil edildi. Hasta grubu serviste tedavi görenler (n:20) ve yoğun bakımda tedavi görenler (n:20) olmak üzere 2 gruba ayrıldı. Kallistatin seviyeleri ELISA yöntemi kullanılarak ölçüldü.
Bulgular: Hasta grubu (n:40) ile kontrol grubu (n:45) arasında kallistatin düzeyleri açısından anlamlı fark vardı. Serviste tedavi edilen COVID-19 hastaları ile yoğun bakımda tedavi edilenler arasında kallistatin açısından anlamlı fark yoktu. Hasta ve kontrol grubu arasında yapılan ROC analizinde kallistatinin EAA'sını 0.856 olarak bulduk. Servis ve yoğun bakım hastaları laboratuvar parametreleri açısından karşılaştırıldığında, yoğun bakım hastalarında potasyum, AST, kreatinin, ferritin, HGB ve LDH yükselişi nedeniyle gruplar arasında anlamlı fark vardı.
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak hasta grubunda kallistatin düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak yüksekti. COVID-19 hastalarında kallistatinin COVID-19'un etkileri nedeniyle mi yoksa oksidatif stresi ortadan kaldırmak için mi yükseldiğini anlamak için daha fazla hasta ile yapılacak daha kapsamlı çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Project Number

Grant/Award Number: BIDEP-2209A Number: 1919B012109027.

References

  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395:497-506.
  • Li H, Liu SM, Yu XH, Tang SL, Tang CK. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Current status and future perspectives. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;55:105951.
  • Cecchini R, Cecchini AL. SARS-CoV-2 infection pathogenesis is related to oxidative stress as a response to aggression. Med Hypotheses. 2020;143:110102.
  • Popadic V, Klasnja S, Milic N, Rajovic N, Aleksic A, Milenkovic M et al. Predictors of mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients demanding high oxygen flow: A thin linebetween inflammation, cytokine storm, and coagulopathy. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021;20:6648199.
  • Lang M, Som A, Carey D, Reid N, Mendoza DP, Flores EJ et al. Pulmonary vascular manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging. 2020;43:e200277.
  • Yucel K, Fuat Gurbuz A. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and ischemia-modified albumin levels in intensive care COVID-19 Patients. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2022;43:415-20.
  • Chao J, Li P, Chao L. Kallistatin: double-edged role in angiogenesis, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Biol Chem. 2017;398:1309-17.
  • Chao J, Guo Y, Chao L. Protective role of endogenous kallistatin in vascular injury and senescence by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018;2018:4138560.
  • Liu Y, Bledsoe G, Hagiwara M, Shen B, Chao L, Chao J. Depletion of endogenous kallistatin exacerbates renal and cardiovascular oxidative stress, inflammation, and organ remodeling. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2012;303:1230-8.
  • Wang G, Zou J, Yu X, Yin S, Tang C. The antiatherogenic function of kallistatin and its potential mechanism. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2020;52:583-9.
  • Yao Y, Li B, Liu C, Fu C, Li P, Guo Y et al. Reduced plasma kallistatin is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease, and kallistatin treatment attenuates atherosclerotic plaque formation in mice. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7:e009562..
  • Yiu WH, Wong DW, Wu HJ, Li RX, Yam I, Chan LY et al. Kallistatin protects against diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice by suppressing AGE-RAGE-induced oxidative stress. Kidney Int. 2016;89:386-98.
  • Chao J, Bledsoe G, Chao L. Protective role of kallistatin in vascular and organ injury. Hypertension. 2016;68:533-41.
  • Gateva A, Assyov Y, Velikova T, Kamenov Z. Increased kallistatin levels in patients with obesity and prediabetes compared to normal glucose tolerance. Endocr Res. 2017;42:163-8.
  • Jenkins AJ, McBride JD, Januszewski AS, Karschimkus CS, Zhang B, O'Neal DN et al. Increased serum kallistatin levels in type 1 diabetes patients with vascular complications. J Angiogenes Res. 2010;22:19:1-8.
  • Ding ZY, Li GX, Chen L, Shu C, Song J, Wang W et al. Association of liver abnormalities with in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19. J Hepatol. 2021;74:1295-302.
  • Alhumaid S, Al Mutair A, Al Alawi Z, Al Salman K, Al Dossary N, Omar A et al. Clinical features and prognostic factors of intensive and non-intensive 1014 COVID-19 patients: an experience cohort from Alahsa, Saudi Arabia. Eur J Med Res. 2021;26:47.
  • Garrido P, Cueto P, Rovira C, Garcia E, Parra A, Enriquez R et al. Clinical value of procalcitonin in critically ill patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;46:525-31.
  • Cheng L, Li H, Li L, Liu C, Yan S, Chen H, et al. Ferritin in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Lab Anal. 2020;34: e23618.
  • Ramonfaur D, Aguirre-García GM, Diaz-Garza CA, Torre-Amione G, Sanchez-Nava VM, Lara-Medrano R et al. Early increase of serum ferritin among COVID-19 patients is associated with need of invasive mechanical ventilation and with in-hospital death. Infect Dis (Lond). 2022;54:810-8.
  • Qiu F, Wu Y, Zhang A, Xie G, Cao H, Du M et al. Changes of coagulation function and risk of stroke in patients with COVID-19. Brain Behav. 2021;16:e02185.
  • Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395:1054-62.
  • Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395:507-13.
  • Zhou C, Chen Y, Ji Y, He X, Xue D. Increased serum levels of Hepcidin and ferritin are associated with severity of COVID-19. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e926178.
  • Bahadirli S, Kurt E. Predicting intensive care ünit admissions for COVID-19 patients in the emergency department. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2022;16:1594-8.
  • Singla K, Puri GD, Guha Niyogi S, Mahajan V, Kajal K, Bhalla A. Predictors of the outcomes following the tocilizumab treatment for severe COVID-19. Cureus. 2022;14:e28428..
  • Ucciferri C, Caiazzo L, Di Nicola M, Borrelli P, Pontolillo M, Auricchio A et al. Parameters associated with diagnosis of COVID-19 in emergency department. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2021;9:851-61.
  • Lin WC, Chen CW, Huang YW, Chao L, Chao J, Lin YS et al. Kallistatin protects against sepsis-related acute lung injury via inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. Sci Rep. 2015;5:12463.
  • Sun HM, Mi YS, Yu FD, Han Y, Liu XS, Lu S et al. SERPINA4 is a novel independent prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res. 2016;6:1636-49.
  • Kim T, Suh GJ, Kwon WY, Kim KS, Jung YS, Shin SM. Lower serum kallistatin level is associated with 28-day mortality in patients with septic shock. J Crit Care. 2018;48:328-33.
  • Gateva A, Assyov Y, Velikova T, Kamenov Z. Increased kallistatin levels in patients with obesity and prediabetes compared to normal glucose tolerance. Endocr Res. 2017;42:163-8.
  • Jenkins AJ, McBride JD, Januszewski AS, Karschimkus CS, Zhang B, O'Neal DN et al. Increased serum kallistatin levels in type 1 diabetes patients with vascular complications. J Angiogenes Res. 2010;2:19.
  • Arakawa N, Matsuyama S, Matsuoka M, Kitamura I, Miyashita K, Kitagawa Y et al. Serum stratifin and presepsin as candidate biomarkers for early detection of COVID-19 disease progression. J Pharmacol Sci. 2022;150:21-30.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Medical Biochemistry - Amino Acids and Metabolites
Journal Section Research
Authors

Kamile Yucel 0000-0003-4088-8932

Salih Yıldız 0009-0000-3378-6335

Ali Fuat Gurbuz 0000-0003-1455-471X

Project Number Grant/Award Number: BIDEP-2209A Number: 1919B012109027.
Publication Date December 29, 2023
Acceptance Date October 11, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 48 Issue: 4

Cite

MLA Yucel, Kamile et al. “Plasma Kallistatin Levels in Patients With COVID-19”. Cukurova Medical Journal, vol. 48, no. 4, 2023, pp. 1199-06, doi:10.17826/cumj.1316587.