Research Article
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The evaluation of fibrous disposable facemask for oil sorption and efficient oil/water separation

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 279 - 287, 31.12.2023

Soner Kızıl

https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1249400

Abstract

During the pandemic period, people have used various personal protective equipment including gloves, face mask and face shields. Among them, disposable face mask plays a critical role to control the spread of COVID-19. Hence, there is an urgent need to evaluate and suspend such waste materials from environment. Herein, we have investigated the potential use of disposable face mask as oil sorbent material for efficient oil/water separation due to their hydrophobic/oleophilic characteristics. Some structural characterization techniques are employed to examine the face mask. A number of tests including absorbency, oil/water separation stability in oils and waters, selective removal of oils in different water medium have been systematically investigated. The outcomes show that waste face mask have great potential in the field of oil-water separation that achieve selectively separate the oil from oily wastewater.

Keywords

Absorbent disposable face mask oil/water seperation Covid-19

References

  • D. Taylor, A. C. Lindsay, and J. P. Halcox, “Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1,” New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 382(16), pp. 1564-1567, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • O. O. Fadare, and E. D. Okoffo, “Covid-19 face masks: A potential source of microplastic fibers in the environment,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 737, Article 140279-140282, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • S. Sangkham, “Face mask and medical waste disposal during the novel COVID-19 pandemic in Asia,” Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Vol. 2, pp. 100052-100060, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • N. U. Benson, D. E. Bassey, and T. Palanisami, “COVID pollution: impact of COVID-19 pandemic on global plastic waste footprint,” Heliyon, Vol. 7(2), pp. e06343-e06351, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • K. I. Olatayo, P. T. Mativenga, and A. L. Marnewick, “COVID-19 PPE plastic material flows and waste management: Quantification and implications for South Africa,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 790, pp. 148190-148202, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • C.S.G. Penteado, and M.A.S. de Castro, “Covid-19 effects on municipal solid waste management: What can effectively be done in the Brazilian scenario?”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 164, pp. 105152-105160, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • M. R. J. Rakib, G. E. De-la-Torre, C. I. Pizarro-Ortega, D. C. Dioses-Salinas, and S. Al-Nahian, “Personal protective equipment (PPE) pollution driven by the COVID-19 pandemic in Cox’s Bazar, the longest natural beach in the World,” Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 169, Article 112497-112503, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • J. Fernández-Arribas, T. Moreno, R. Bartrolí, and E. Eljarrat, “COVID-19 face masks: A new source of human and environmental exposure to organophosphate esters,” Environment International, Vol. 154, pp. 106654-106661, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • J. Ammendolia, J. Saturno, A. L. Brooks, S. Jacobs, and J. R. Jambeck, “An emerging source of plastic pollution: Environmental presence of plastic personal protective equipment (PPE) debris related to COVID-19 in a metropolitan city,” Environmental Pollution, Vol. 269, pp. 116160-116169, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • T. A. Aragaw, “Surgical face masks as a potential source for microplastic pollution in the COVID-19 scenario,” Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 159, pp. 111517-111523, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • X. Chen, X. Chen, Q. Liu, Q. Zhao, X. Xiong, and C. Wu, “Used disposable face masks are significant sources of microplastics to environment,” Environmental Pollution, Vol. 285, pp. 117485117490, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • G. L. Sullivan, J. Delgado-Gallardo, T. M. Watson, and S. Sarp, “An investigation into the leaching of micro and nano particles and chemical pollutants from disposable face masks - linked to the COVID-19 pandemic,” Water Research, Vol. 196, pp. 117033-117043, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • M. Ardusso, A. D. Forero-López, N. S. Buzzi, C. V. Spetter, M. D. Fernández-Severini, “COVID-19 pandemic repercussions on plastic and antiviral polymeric textile causing pollution on beaches and coasts of South America,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 763, pp. 144365-144376, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • Mckinsy. “When will the COVID-19 pandemic end?” https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/when-will-the-covid-19-pandemic-end Accessed on Nov 09, 2023.
  • R. Maderuelo-Sanz, P. Acedo-Fuentes, F. J. García-Cobos, F. J. Sánchez-Delgado, M. I. Mota-López, and J. M. Meneses-Rodríguez, “The recycling of surgical face masks as sound porous absorbers: Preliminary evaluation,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 786 pp. 147461-147469, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • S. K. Lynch, M. Saberian, J. Li, R. Roychand, and G. Zhang, “Preliminary evaluation of the feasibility of using polypropylene fibres from COVID-19 single-use face masks to improve the mechanical properties of concrete,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 296, pp. 126460-126467, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • M. Saberian, J. Li, S. K. Lynch, and M. Boroujeni, “Repurposing of COVID-19 single-use face masks for pavements base/subbase,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 769, pp. 145527-145534, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • Z. U. Rehman, and U. Khalid, “Reuse of COVID-19 face mask for the amelioration of mechanical properties of fat clay: A novel solution to an emerging waste problem,” Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 794, pp. 148746-148762, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • C. W. Purnomo, W. Kurniawan, and M. Aziz, “Technological review on thermochemical conversion of COVID-19-related medical wastes,” Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 167 pp. 105429-105441, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • C. Park, H. Choi, K. Y. A. Lin, E. E. Kwon, and J. Lee, “COVID-19 mask waste to energy via thermochemical pathway: Effect of Co-Feeding food waste,” Energy, Vol. 230, pp. 120876-120884, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • J. Ge, H. Y. Zhao, H. W. Zhu, J. Huang, L. A. Shi, and S. H. Yu, “Advanced sorbents for oil-spill cleanup: recent advances and future perspectives,” Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, pp. 10459–10490, 2016. [CrossRef]
  • L. M. T. M. Oliveira, J. Saleem, A. Bazargan, J. L. D. S. Duarte, G. McKay, and L. Meili, “Sorption as a rapidly response for oil spill accidents: A material and mechanistic approach,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 407, pp. 124842-124861, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • B. Doshi, M. Sillanpää, and S. Kalliola, “A review of bio-based materials for oil spill treatment,” Water Research, Vol. 135, pp. 262–277, 2018. [CrossRef]
  • S. Kizil, and H. B. Sonmez, “One-pot fabrication of reusable hybrid sorbents for quick removal of oils from wastewater,” Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 261, pp. 109911-109918, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • S. B. Hammouda, Z. Chen, C. An, and K. Lee, “Recent advances in developing cellulosic sorbent materials for oil spill cleanup: A state-of-the-art review,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 311, pp. 127630-127648, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • Q. F. Wei, R. R. Mather, A. F. Fotheringham, and R. D. Yang, “Evaluation of nonwoven polypropylene oil sorbents in marine oil-spill recovery,” Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 46(3), pp. 780–783, 2003. [CrossRef]
  • D. Wang, B. C. Sun, J. X. Wang, Y. Y. Zhou, Z. W. Chen, Y. Fang, W. H. Yue, S. M. Liu, K. Y. Liu, X. F. Zeng, G. W. Chu, and J. F. Chen, “Can masks be reused after hot water decontamination during the COVID-19 pandemic? ,” Engineering, Vol. 6(10), pp. 1115–1121, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • L. F. L. Begall, C. Wielick, L. Dams, H. Nauwynck, P. F. Demeuldre, A. Napp, J. Laperre, E. Haubruge, and E. Thiry, “The use of germicidal ultraviolet light, vaporised hydrogen peroxide and dry heat to decontaminate face masks and filtering respirators contaminated with an infectious norovirus,” Journal of Hospital Infection, Vol. 106(3), pp. 577-584, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • H. P. Kim, M. S. Jo, C. H. Kim, J. S. Choi, and I. J. Yu, “Re-use of health masks after autoclaving,” NanoImpact, Vol. 19, pp. 100231-100236, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • D. F. Li, J. L. Cadnum, S. N. Redmond, L. D. Jones, B. Pearlmutter, M. F. Haq, and C. J. Donskey, “Steam treatment for rapid decontamination of N95 respirators and medical face masks,”American Journal of Infection Control, Vol. 48, pp. 853–858, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • N. J. Rowan, J. G. Laffey, “Unlocking the surge in demand for personal and protective equipment (PPE) and improvised face coverings arising from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic – Implications for efficacy, re-use and sustainable waste management,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 752, pp. 142259-142276, 2021.
  • J. C. R. Romero, M. D. C. P. Ferreira, J. A. T. García, and S. C. Castro, “Disposable masks: Disinfection and sterilization for reuse, and non-certified manufacturing, in the face of shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Safety Science, Vol. 129, pp. 104830-104840, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • A. Gopanna, R. N. Mandapati, S. P. Thomas, K. Rajan, and M. Chavali, “Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) of polypropylene (PP)/cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) blends for qualitative and quantitative analysis,” Polymer Bulletin, Vol. 76, pp. 4259–4274, 2018. [CrossRef]
  • Y. H. Lee, E. J. Lee, G. S. Chang, D. J. Lee, Y. J. Jung, and H. D. Kim, “Comparison of oil sorption capacity and biodegradability of PP, PP/kapok(10/90wt%) blend and commercial (T2COM) oil sorbent pads,” Textile Coloration and Finishing, Vol. 26, pp. 151–158, 2014. [CrossRef]
  • S. J. Choi, T. H. Kwon, H. Im, D. Moon, D. J. Baek, M. L. Seol, J. P. Duarte, and Y. K. Choi, “A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sponge for the selective absorption of oil from water,” ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, Vol. 3(12), pp. 4552–4556, 2011. [CrossRef]
  • E. A. Bukharova, E. A. Tatarintseva, and L. N. Ol’Shanskaya, “Production of polyethylene terephthalate based sorbent and its use for waste and surface water cleaning from oil products,” Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Vol. 50, pp. 595–599, 2015. [CrossRef]
  • G. Wang, and H. Uyama, “Facile synthesis of flexible macroporous polypropylene sponges for separation of oil and water,” Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, pp. 1–6, 2016. [CrossRef]
  • D. Ceylan, S. Dogu, B. Karacik, S. D. Yakan, O. S. Okay, and O. Okay, “Evaluation of butyl rubber as sorbent material for the removal of oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from seawater,” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 43(10), pp. 3846–3852, 2009. [CrossRef]
  • H. Zhu, S. Qiu, W. Jiang, D. Wu, and C. Zhang, “Evaluation of electrospun polyvinyl chloride/polystyrene fibers as sorbent materials for oil spill cleanup,” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 45(10), pp. 4527–4531, 2011. [CrossRef]

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 279 - 287, 31.12.2023

Soner Kızıl

https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1249400

Abstract

References

  • D. Taylor, A. C. Lindsay, and J. P. Halcox, “Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1,” New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 382(16), pp. 1564-1567, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • O. O. Fadare, and E. D. Okoffo, “Covid-19 face masks: A potential source of microplastic fibers in the environment,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 737, Article 140279-140282, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • S. Sangkham, “Face mask and medical waste disposal during the novel COVID-19 pandemic in Asia,” Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Vol. 2, pp. 100052-100060, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • N. U. Benson, D. E. Bassey, and T. Palanisami, “COVID pollution: impact of COVID-19 pandemic on global plastic waste footprint,” Heliyon, Vol. 7(2), pp. e06343-e06351, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • K. I. Olatayo, P. T. Mativenga, and A. L. Marnewick, “COVID-19 PPE plastic material flows and waste management: Quantification and implications for South Africa,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 790, pp. 148190-148202, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • C.S.G. Penteado, and M.A.S. de Castro, “Covid-19 effects on municipal solid waste management: What can effectively be done in the Brazilian scenario?”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 164, pp. 105152-105160, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • M. R. J. Rakib, G. E. De-la-Torre, C. I. Pizarro-Ortega, D. C. Dioses-Salinas, and S. Al-Nahian, “Personal protective equipment (PPE) pollution driven by the COVID-19 pandemic in Cox’s Bazar, the longest natural beach in the World,” Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 169, Article 112497-112503, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • J. Fernández-Arribas, T. Moreno, R. Bartrolí, and E. Eljarrat, “COVID-19 face masks: A new source of human and environmental exposure to organophosphate esters,” Environment International, Vol. 154, pp. 106654-106661, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • J. Ammendolia, J. Saturno, A. L. Brooks, S. Jacobs, and J. R. Jambeck, “An emerging source of plastic pollution: Environmental presence of plastic personal protective equipment (PPE) debris related to COVID-19 in a metropolitan city,” Environmental Pollution, Vol. 269, pp. 116160-116169, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • T. A. Aragaw, “Surgical face masks as a potential source for microplastic pollution in the COVID-19 scenario,” Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 159, pp. 111517-111523, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • X. Chen, X. Chen, Q. Liu, Q. Zhao, X. Xiong, and C. Wu, “Used disposable face masks are significant sources of microplastics to environment,” Environmental Pollution, Vol. 285, pp. 117485117490, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • G. L. Sullivan, J. Delgado-Gallardo, T. M. Watson, and S. Sarp, “An investigation into the leaching of micro and nano particles and chemical pollutants from disposable face masks - linked to the COVID-19 pandemic,” Water Research, Vol. 196, pp. 117033-117043, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • M. Ardusso, A. D. Forero-López, N. S. Buzzi, C. V. Spetter, M. D. Fernández-Severini, “COVID-19 pandemic repercussions on plastic and antiviral polymeric textile causing pollution on beaches and coasts of South America,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 763, pp. 144365-144376, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • Mckinsy. “When will the COVID-19 pandemic end?” https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/when-will-the-covid-19-pandemic-end Accessed on Nov 09, 2023.
  • R. Maderuelo-Sanz, P. Acedo-Fuentes, F. J. García-Cobos, F. J. Sánchez-Delgado, M. I. Mota-López, and J. M. Meneses-Rodríguez, “The recycling of surgical face masks as sound porous absorbers: Preliminary evaluation,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 786 pp. 147461-147469, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • S. K. Lynch, M. Saberian, J. Li, R. Roychand, and G. Zhang, “Preliminary evaluation of the feasibility of using polypropylene fibres from COVID-19 single-use face masks to improve the mechanical properties of concrete,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 296, pp. 126460-126467, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • M. Saberian, J. Li, S. K. Lynch, and M. Boroujeni, “Repurposing of COVID-19 single-use face masks for pavements base/subbase,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 769, pp. 145527-145534, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • Z. U. Rehman, and U. Khalid, “Reuse of COVID-19 face mask for the amelioration of mechanical properties of fat clay: A novel solution to an emerging waste problem,” Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 794, pp. 148746-148762, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • C. W. Purnomo, W. Kurniawan, and M. Aziz, “Technological review on thermochemical conversion of COVID-19-related medical wastes,” Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 167 pp. 105429-105441, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • C. Park, H. Choi, K. Y. A. Lin, E. E. Kwon, and J. Lee, “COVID-19 mask waste to energy via thermochemical pathway: Effect of Co-Feeding food waste,” Energy, Vol. 230, pp. 120876-120884, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • J. Ge, H. Y. Zhao, H. W. Zhu, J. Huang, L. A. Shi, and S. H. Yu, “Advanced sorbents for oil-spill cleanup: recent advances and future perspectives,” Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, pp. 10459–10490, 2016. [CrossRef]
  • L. M. T. M. Oliveira, J. Saleem, A. Bazargan, J. L. D. S. Duarte, G. McKay, and L. Meili, “Sorption as a rapidly response for oil spill accidents: A material and mechanistic approach,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 407, pp. 124842-124861, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • B. Doshi, M. Sillanpää, and S. Kalliola, “A review of bio-based materials for oil spill treatment,” Water Research, Vol. 135, pp. 262–277, 2018. [CrossRef]
  • S. Kizil, and H. B. Sonmez, “One-pot fabrication of reusable hybrid sorbents for quick removal of oils from wastewater,” Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 261, pp. 109911-109918, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • S. B. Hammouda, Z. Chen, C. An, and K. Lee, “Recent advances in developing cellulosic sorbent materials for oil spill cleanup: A state-of-the-art review,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 311, pp. 127630-127648, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • Q. F. Wei, R. R. Mather, A. F. Fotheringham, and R. D. Yang, “Evaluation of nonwoven polypropylene oil sorbents in marine oil-spill recovery,” Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 46(3), pp. 780–783, 2003. [CrossRef]
  • D. Wang, B. C. Sun, J. X. Wang, Y. Y. Zhou, Z. W. Chen, Y. Fang, W. H. Yue, S. M. Liu, K. Y. Liu, X. F. Zeng, G. W. Chu, and J. F. Chen, “Can masks be reused after hot water decontamination during the COVID-19 pandemic? ,” Engineering, Vol. 6(10), pp. 1115–1121, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • L. F. L. Begall, C. Wielick, L. Dams, H. Nauwynck, P. F. Demeuldre, A. Napp, J. Laperre, E. Haubruge, and E. Thiry, “The use of germicidal ultraviolet light, vaporised hydrogen peroxide and dry heat to decontaminate face masks and filtering respirators contaminated with an infectious norovirus,” Journal of Hospital Infection, Vol. 106(3), pp. 577-584, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • H. P. Kim, M. S. Jo, C. H. Kim, J. S. Choi, and I. J. Yu, “Re-use of health masks after autoclaving,” NanoImpact, Vol. 19, pp. 100231-100236, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • D. F. Li, J. L. Cadnum, S. N. Redmond, L. D. Jones, B. Pearlmutter, M. F. Haq, and C. J. Donskey, “Steam treatment for rapid decontamination of N95 respirators and medical face masks,”American Journal of Infection Control, Vol. 48, pp. 853–858, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • N. J. Rowan, J. G. Laffey, “Unlocking the surge in demand for personal and protective equipment (PPE) and improvised face coverings arising from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic – Implications for efficacy, re-use and sustainable waste management,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 752, pp. 142259-142276, 2021.
  • J. C. R. Romero, M. D. C. P. Ferreira, J. A. T. García, and S. C. Castro, “Disposable masks: Disinfection and sterilization for reuse, and non-certified manufacturing, in the face of shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Safety Science, Vol. 129, pp. 104830-104840, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • A. Gopanna, R. N. Mandapati, S. P. Thomas, K. Rajan, and M. Chavali, “Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) of polypropylene (PP)/cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) blends for qualitative and quantitative analysis,” Polymer Bulletin, Vol. 76, pp. 4259–4274, 2018. [CrossRef]
  • Y. H. Lee, E. J. Lee, G. S. Chang, D. J. Lee, Y. J. Jung, and H. D. Kim, “Comparison of oil sorption capacity and biodegradability of PP, PP/kapok(10/90wt%) blend and commercial (T2COM) oil sorbent pads,” Textile Coloration and Finishing, Vol. 26, pp. 151–158, 2014. [CrossRef]
  • S. J. Choi, T. H. Kwon, H. Im, D. Moon, D. J. Baek, M. L. Seol, J. P. Duarte, and Y. K. Choi, “A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sponge for the selective absorption of oil from water,” ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, Vol. 3(12), pp. 4552–4556, 2011. [CrossRef]
  • E. A. Bukharova, E. A. Tatarintseva, and L. N. Ol’Shanskaya, “Production of polyethylene terephthalate based sorbent and its use for waste and surface water cleaning from oil products,” Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Vol. 50, pp. 595–599, 2015. [CrossRef]
  • G. Wang, and H. Uyama, “Facile synthesis of flexible macroporous polypropylene sponges for separation of oil and water,” Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, pp. 1–6, 2016. [CrossRef]
  • D. Ceylan, S. Dogu, B. Karacik, S. D. Yakan, O. S. Okay, and O. Okay, “Evaluation of butyl rubber as sorbent material for the removal of oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from seawater,” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 43(10), pp. 3846–3852, 2009. [CrossRef]
  • H. Zhu, S. Qiu, W. Jiang, D. Wu, and C. Zhang, “Evaluation of electrospun polyvinyl chloride/polystyrene fibers as sorbent materials for oil spill cleanup,” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 45(10), pp. 4527–4531, 2011. [CrossRef]
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Environmental Sciences, Environmentally Sustainable Engineering, Water Resources and Water Structures
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Soner Kızıl 0000-0003-3405-1212

Publication Date December 31, 2023
Submission Date February 9, 2023
Acceptance Date September 5, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Kızıl, S. (2023). The evaluation of fibrous disposable facemask for oil sorption and efficient oil/water separation. Environmental Research and Technology, 6(4), 279-287. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1249400
AMA Kızıl S. The evaluation of fibrous disposable facemask for oil sorption and efficient oil/water separation. ERT. December 2023;6(4):279-287. doi:10.35208/ert.1249400
Chicago Kızıl, Soner. “The Evaluation of Fibrous Disposable Facemask for Oil Sorption and Efficient oil/Water Separation”. Environmental Research and Technology 6, no. 4 (December 2023): 279-87. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1249400.
EndNote Kızıl S (December 1, 2023) The evaluation of fibrous disposable facemask for oil sorption and efficient oil/water separation. Environmental Research and Technology 6 4 279–287.
IEEE S. Kızıl, “The evaluation of fibrous disposable facemask for oil sorption and efficient oil/water separation”, ERT, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 279–287, 2023, doi: 10.35208/ert.1249400.
ISNAD Kızıl, Soner. “The Evaluation of Fibrous Disposable Facemask for Oil Sorption and Efficient oil/Water Separation”. Environmental Research and Technology 6/4 (December 2023), 279-287. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1249400.
JAMA Kızıl S. The evaluation of fibrous disposable facemask for oil sorption and efficient oil/water separation. ERT. 2023;6:279–287.
MLA Kızıl, Soner. “The Evaluation of Fibrous Disposable Facemask for Oil Sorption and Efficient oil/Water Separation”. Environmental Research and Technology, vol. 6, no. 4, 2023, pp. 279-87, doi:10.35208/ert.1249400.
Vancouver Kızıl S. The evaluation of fibrous disposable facemask for oil sorption and efficient oil/water separation. ERT. 2023;6(4):279-87.
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