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TÜKETİCİ ETNOSENTRİZMİ ÖLÇEĞİ: GEÇERLİLİK VE GÜVENİLİRLİK ÇALIŞMAS

Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 36 - 46, 27.12.2017

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Shimp ve Sharma tarafından geliştirilen tüketici
etnosentrizmi (TE) ölçeğinin turistik tüketiciler açısından Türkçe uyarlamasını
yaparak ölçeğin geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğini incelemektir. Tek boyuttan oluşan
TE ölçeği İstanbul’da ikamet eden 708 Türk turiste uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen
sonuçlar doğrultusunda üç madde açıklayıcı faktör analizi sonrasında, dört
madde de doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonrasında ölçekten çıkarılmıştır. Orijinal
ölçekte olduğu gibi TE ölçeği tek boyutta ortaya çıkmıştır. Elde edilen veriler
sonucunda turistik tüketiciler için uyarlanan TE ölçeği, tüketicilerin
etnosentrik eğilimlerini ölçmede güvenilir ve geçerli bir ölçek olduğu ortaya
çıkmıştır. 

References

  • Acharya, C. ve Elliott, G. (2003). Consumer ethnocentrism, perceived product quality and choice - an empirical ınvestigation. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 15 (4), 87-115.
  • Akdogan, M. S., Ozgener, S., Kaplan, M. ve Coskun, A. (2012). the effects of consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity on the re-purchase ıntent: The moderating role of consumer loyalty. EMAJ: Emerging Markets Journal, 2(1), 1-12.
  • Akın, M., Çiçek, R., Gürbüz, E. ve İnal, M.E. (2009). Tüketici etnosentrizmi ve davranış niyetleri arasındaki farklılığın belirlenmesinde CETSCALE ölçeği. Ege Akademik Bakış / Ege Academic Review, 9 (2), 489-512.
  • Altintas, M. H., ve Tokol, T. (2007). Cultural openness and consumer ethnocentrism: an empirical analysis of Turkish consumers. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 25 (4), 308-325.
  • Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S.ve Yıldırım, E. (2012). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri: SPSS Uygulamalı (7. Baskı). İstanbul: Avcı Ofset.
  • Anastasiadou, S., Anastasiadis, L., Kalabouka, K. Ve Florou, G. (2014). Ethnocentrism, patriotism and animosity ımpact on freedom of competition and business activity. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 11, 692-699.
  • Armağan, E.A. ve Gürsoy, Ö. (2011). Satın alma kararlarında tüketici etnosentrizmi ve menşe ülke etkisinin Cetscale ölçeği ile değerlendirilmesi. Organizasyon ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3 (2), 67-77.
  • Asil, H. Ve Kaya, İ. (2013). Türk tüketicilerin etnosentrik eğilimlerinin belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Istanbul University Journal of the School Of Business Administration, 42 (1), 113- 132.
  • Auruskeviciene, V., Vianelli, D. ve Reardon, J. (2012). Comparison of consumer ethnocentrism behavioural patterns in transitional economies. Transformations in Business and Economics, 11 (2), 20-35.
  • Aytaç, M., ve Öngen, B. (2012). Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile yeni çevresel paradigma ölçeğinin yapı geçerliliğinin incelenmesi. İstatistikçiler Dergisi, 5 (1), 14-22.
  • Balabanis, G., Diamantopoulos, A., Mueller, R. D. ve Melewar, T. C. (2001). The impact of nationalism, patriotism and internationalism on consumer ethnocentric tendencies. Journal of International Business Studies, 32 (1), 157-175.
  • Bawa, A. (2004). Consumer ethnocentrism: CETSCALE validation and measurement of extent. Vikalpa, 29 (3), 43-55.
  • Çilingir, Z. (2014). Tüketici etnik kökenciliği eğilimi ölçeği (Cetscale): istanbul ili tüketicileri üzerine bir pilot araştırma. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 13 (13), 209- 232.
  • Dursun, İ., Tümer, E. ve Ceylan, K. E. (2014). Alman tüketicilerin Türk malı satın alma niyetleri: ülke imajı ve tüketici etnosentrizminin etkileri üzerine bir araştırma. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 22, 328-347.
  • Fornell, C. ve Larcker, D. F. 1981. “Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error”. Journal of Marketing Research 18 (1), 39–50.
  • Ehmke, M.T. (2006). International Differences in Consumer Preferences for Food Country-OfOrigin: A Meta-Analysis. American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association), 1-17.
  • Emir, O. ve Avan, A. (2010). Yabancı turistlerin satın alma karar sürecinde kültürel varlıkların etkisi: Konya örneği. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24, 203-219.
  • Erdogan, B. Z. ve Uzkurt, C. (2010). Effects of ethnocentric tendency on consumers' perception of product attitudes for foreign and domestic products. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 17 (4), 393-406.
  • Ganideh, S. F., El Refae, G. ve Al Ganideh, A. O. (2011). Are Jordanian patients ethnocentric toward their national pharmaceutical products? An empirical ınvestigation following to the Arab spring uprisings. Journal of US-China Public Administration, 8 (12), 1339-1351.
  • Good, L.K. ve Huddleston, P. (1995).Ethnocentrism of Polish and Russian consumers: are feelings and intentions related. International Marketing Review, 12 (5), 35 – 48.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., and Anderson, R. E. 2010. Multivariate Data Analysis: Global Perspective. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Prentice Hall.
  • Huddleston, P., Good, L. K., Stoel, L. (2001). Consumer Ethnocentrism, Product Necessity and Polish Consumers' Perceptions of Quality. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 29 (5), 236-246.
  • Javalgi, R.G., Khare, V.P., Gross, A.C. ve Scherer, R.F. (2005). An application of the consumer ethnocentrism model to french consumers, International Business Review, 14 (3), 325-344.
  • Jin, Z., Lynch, R., Attia, S., Chansarkar, B., Gülsoy, T., Lapoule, P., Liu, X., Newburry, W., Nooraini, M. S., Parente, R., Purani, K. ve Ungerer, M. (2014). The relationship between consumer ethnocentrism, cosmopolitanism and product country ımage among younger generation consumers: the moderating role of country development status. International Business Review, 24 (3), 1-14.
  • Kavak, B. ve Gumusluoglu, L. (2006). Segmenting food markets the role of ethnocentrism and lifestyle in understanding purchasing intentions. International Journal of Market Research, 49 (1), 71-94.
  • Kaynak, E. ve Kara, A. (2002). Consumer perceptions of foreign products: an analysis of productcountry images and ethnocentrism. European Journal of Marketing, 36 (7/8), 928-949.
  • Kucukemiroglu, O. (1999). Market segmentation by using consumer lifestyle dimensions and ethnocentrism: an empirical study. European Journal of Marketing, 33 (5/6), 470-487.
  • Lindquist, J. D., Vida, I., Plank, R. E. ve Fairhurst, A. (2001). The modified CETSCALE: validity tests in the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. International Business Review, 10 (5), 505-516.
  • Luque-Martinez, T., Ibanez-Zapata, J.-A. ve Salvador, d. B. (2000). Consumer ethnocentrism measurement - an assessment of the reliability and validity of the CETSCALE in Spain. European Journal of Marketing, 34 (11), 1353-1374.
  • Nguyen, T. D., Nguyen, T. ve Barrett, N. J. (2008). Consumer ethnocentrism, cultural sensitivity, and intention to purchase local products—evidence from Vietnam. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 7 (1), 88-100.
  • Orth, U. R. ve Firbasová, Z. (2003). the role of consumer ethnocentrism in food product evaluation. Agribusiness, 19 (2), 137-153.
  • Özçelik, D.G. ve Torlak, Ö. (2011). Marka kişiliği algısı ile etnosentrik eğilimler arasındaki ilişki: LEVIS Ve MAVİ JEANS üzerine bir uygulama. Ege Akademik Bakış, 11 (3), 361-377.
  • Saffu, K. ve Walker, J. H. (2005). An assessment of the consumer ethnocentric scale (Cetscale) in an advanced and transitional country: the case of Canada and Russia. International Journal of Management, 22 (4), 556-571.
  • Sharma, S., Shimp, T. A. ve Shin, J. (1995). Consumer ethnocentrism: a test of antecedents and moderators. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23, 26-37.
  • Shimp, T.A. (1984). consumer ethnocentrism: the concept and a preliminary empirical test. Advances in Consumer Research, 11 (1), 285-290.
  • Shimp, T.A. ve Sharma, S. (1987). consumer ethnocentrism: construction and validation of the CETSCALE. Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. XXIV, 280-289.
  • Shoham, A. ve Brenčič, M.M. (2003). Consumer ethnocentrism, attitudes and purchase behavior: an Israeli study. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 15 (4), 67–86.
  • Supphellen, M. Ve Rittenburg, T.L. (2001). Consumer ethnocentrism when foreign products are better. Psychology and Marketing, 18 (9), 907-927.
  • Şen, B., Şen, A. A. (2015). İstanbul'un öteki yüzü ve araftakiler: Suriçi İstanbul'da göç, yoksulluk ve göçmen mekânları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21, 31- 58.
  • TÜİK. (2015). Erişim tarihi: 20.04.2016, Nüfus İstatistikleri, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1047
  • Verlegh, P. W. (2007). Home country bias and product evaluation: the complementary roles of economic and socio-psychological motives. Journal of International Business Studies, 38 (3), 361-373.
  • Vida, I., Dmitrovic, T. ve Obadia, C. (2008). The role of ethnic affiliation in consumer ethnocentrism. European Journal of Marketing, 42 (3/4), 327-343.
  • Vida, I. ve Reardon, J. (2008). Domestic consumption: rational, affective or normative choice? Journal of Consumer Marketing, 25 (1), 34-44.
  • Wang, C. L. ve Chen, Z. X. (2004). Consumer ethnocentrism and willingness to buy domestic products in a developing country setting: testing moderating effects. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 21 (6), 391-400.
  • Yüce, A. (2014). The role of consumer hostility and consumer ethnocentrism on the ıntention of buying foreign goods: a case study on Iranian, Turkish and Azerbaijani consumers. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 2 (12), 38-55.

Consumer Ethnocentrism Scale: A Study Of Reliability And Validity

Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 36 - 46, 27.12.2017

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of
Turkish version for tourists of Consumer Ethnocentrism Scale (CETSCALE)
developed by Shimp and Sharma (1987). CETSCALE consisting of one
dimension was applied to 708 Turkish tourists living in İstanbul. According to
the results, three items of CE during exploratory factor analysis and four items
of CE during confirmatory factor analysis, subtracted from CETSCALE. After
the analyzes, just like on the original scale, Turkish version of CE scale
emerged in one dimension. It can be concluded that adapted form of
CETSCALE for touristic consumers is a reliable and valid instrument to
measure ethnocentric tendencies of tourists.

References

  • Acharya, C. ve Elliott, G. (2003). Consumer ethnocentrism, perceived product quality and choice - an empirical ınvestigation. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 15 (4), 87-115.
  • Akdogan, M. S., Ozgener, S., Kaplan, M. ve Coskun, A. (2012). the effects of consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity on the re-purchase ıntent: The moderating role of consumer loyalty. EMAJ: Emerging Markets Journal, 2(1), 1-12.
  • Akın, M., Çiçek, R., Gürbüz, E. ve İnal, M.E. (2009). Tüketici etnosentrizmi ve davranış niyetleri arasındaki farklılığın belirlenmesinde CETSCALE ölçeği. Ege Akademik Bakış / Ege Academic Review, 9 (2), 489-512.
  • Altintas, M. H., ve Tokol, T. (2007). Cultural openness and consumer ethnocentrism: an empirical analysis of Turkish consumers. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 25 (4), 308-325.
  • Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S.ve Yıldırım, E. (2012). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri: SPSS Uygulamalı (7. Baskı). İstanbul: Avcı Ofset.
  • Anastasiadou, S., Anastasiadis, L., Kalabouka, K. Ve Florou, G. (2014). Ethnocentrism, patriotism and animosity ımpact on freedom of competition and business activity. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 11, 692-699.
  • Armağan, E.A. ve Gürsoy, Ö. (2011). Satın alma kararlarında tüketici etnosentrizmi ve menşe ülke etkisinin Cetscale ölçeği ile değerlendirilmesi. Organizasyon ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3 (2), 67-77.
  • Asil, H. Ve Kaya, İ. (2013). Türk tüketicilerin etnosentrik eğilimlerinin belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Istanbul University Journal of the School Of Business Administration, 42 (1), 113- 132.
  • Auruskeviciene, V., Vianelli, D. ve Reardon, J. (2012). Comparison of consumer ethnocentrism behavioural patterns in transitional economies. Transformations in Business and Economics, 11 (2), 20-35.
  • Aytaç, M., ve Öngen, B. (2012). Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile yeni çevresel paradigma ölçeğinin yapı geçerliliğinin incelenmesi. İstatistikçiler Dergisi, 5 (1), 14-22.
  • Balabanis, G., Diamantopoulos, A., Mueller, R. D. ve Melewar, T. C. (2001). The impact of nationalism, patriotism and internationalism on consumer ethnocentric tendencies. Journal of International Business Studies, 32 (1), 157-175.
  • Bawa, A. (2004). Consumer ethnocentrism: CETSCALE validation and measurement of extent. Vikalpa, 29 (3), 43-55.
  • Çilingir, Z. (2014). Tüketici etnik kökenciliği eğilimi ölçeği (Cetscale): istanbul ili tüketicileri üzerine bir pilot araştırma. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 13 (13), 209- 232.
  • Dursun, İ., Tümer, E. ve Ceylan, K. E. (2014). Alman tüketicilerin Türk malı satın alma niyetleri: ülke imajı ve tüketici etnosentrizminin etkileri üzerine bir araştırma. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 22, 328-347.
  • Fornell, C. ve Larcker, D. F. 1981. “Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error”. Journal of Marketing Research 18 (1), 39–50.
  • Ehmke, M.T. (2006). International Differences in Consumer Preferences for Food Country-OfOrigin: A Meta-Analysis. American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association), 1-17.
  • Emir, O. ve Avan, A. (2010). Yabancı turistlerin satın alma karar sürecinde kültürel varlıkların etkisi: Konya örneği. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24, 203-219.
  • Erdogan, B. Z. ve Uzkurt, C. (2010). Effects of ethnocentric tendency on consumers' perception of product attitudes for foreign and domestic products. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 17 (4), 393-406.
  • Ganideh, S. F., El Refae, G. ve Al Ganideh, A. O. (2011). Are Jordanian patients ethnocentric toward their national pharmaceutical products? An empirical ınvestigation following to the Arab spring uprisings. Journal of US-China Public Administration, 8 (12), 1339-1351.
  • Good, L.K. ve Huddleston, P. (1995).Ethnocentrism of Polish and Russian consumers: are feelings and intentions related. International Marketing Review, 12 (5), 35 – 48.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., and Anderson, R. E. 2010. Multivariate Data Analysis: Global Perspective. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Prentice Hall.
  • Huddleston, P., Good, L. K., Stoel, L. (2001). Consumer Ethnocentrism, Product Necessity and Polish Consumers' Perceptions of Quality. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 29 (5), 236-246.
  • Javalgi, R.G., Khare, V.P., Gross, A.C. ve Scherer, R.F. (2005). An application of the consumer ethnocentrism model to french consumers, International Business Review, 14 (3), 325-344.
  • Jin, Z., Lynch, R., Attia, S., Chansarkar, B., Gülsoy, T., Lapoule, P., Liu, X., Newburry, W., Nooraini, M. S., Parente, R., Purani, K. ve Ungerer, M. (2014). The relationship between consumer ethnocentrism, cosmopolitanism and product country ımage among younger generation consumers: the moderating role of country development status. International Business Review, 24 (3), 1-14.
  • Kavak, B. ve Gumusluoglu, L. (2006). Segmenting food markets the role of ethnocentrism and lifestyle in understanding purchasing intentions. International Journal of Market Research, 49 (1), 71-94.
  • Kaynak, E. ve Kara, A. (2002). Consumer perceptions of foreign products: an analysis of productcountry images and ethnocentrism. European Journal of Marketing, 36 (7/8), 928-949.
  • Kucukemiroglu, O. (1999). Market segmentation by using consumer lifestyle dimensions and ethnocentrism: an empirical study. European Journal of Marketing, 33 (5/6), 470-487.
  • Lindquist, J. D., Vida, I., Plank, R. E. ve Fairhurst, A. (2001). The modified CETSCALE: validity tests in the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. International Business Review, 10 (5), 505-516.
  • Luque-Martinez, T., Ibanez-Zapata, J.-A. ve Salvador, d. B. (2000). Consumer ethnocentrism measurement - an assessment of the reliability and validity of the CETSCALE in Spain. European Journal of Marketing, 34 (11), 1353-1374.
  • Nguyen, T. D., Nguyen, T. ve Barrett, N. J. (2008). Consumer ethnocentrism, cultural sensitivity, and intention to purchase local products—evidence from Vietnam. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 7 (1), 88-100.
  • Orth, U. R. ve Firbasová, Z. (2003). the role of consumer ethnocentrism in food product evaluation. Agribusiness, 19 (2), 137-153.
  • Özçelik, D.G. ve Torlak, Ö. (2011). Marka kişiliği algısı ile etnosentrik eğilimler arasındaki ilişki: LEVIS Ve MAVİ JEANS üzerine bir uygulama. Ege Akademik Bakış, 11 (3), 361-377.
  • Saffu, K. ve Walker, J. H. (2005). An assessment of the consumer ethnocentric scale (Cetscale) in an advanced and transitional country: the case of Canada and Russia. International Journal of Management, 22 (4), 556-571.
  • Sharma, S., Shimp, T. A. ve Shin, J. (1995). Consumer ethnocentrism: a test of antecedents and moderators. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23, 26-37.
  • Shimp, T.A. (1984). consumer ethnocentrism: the concept and a preliminary empirical test. Advances in Consumer Research, 11 (1), 285-290.
  • Shimp, T.A. ve Sharma, S. (1987). consumer ethnocentrism: construction and validation of the CETSCALE. Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. XXIV, 280-289.
  • Shoham, A. ve Brenčič, M.M. (2003). Consumer ethnocentrism, attitudes and purchase behavior: an Israeli study. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 15 (4), 67–86.
  • Supphellen, M. Ve Rittenburg, T.L. (2001). Consumer ethnocentrism when foreign products are better. Psychology and Marketing, 18 (9), 907-927.
  • Şen, B., Şen, A. A. (2015). İstanbul'un öteki yüzü ve araftakiler: Suriçi İstanbul'da göç, yoksulluk ve göçmen mekânları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21, 31- 58.
  • TÜİK. (2015). Erişim tarihi: 20.04.2016, Nüfus İstatistikleri, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1047
  • Verlegh, P. W. (2007). Home country bias and product evaluation: the complementary roles of economic and socio-psychological motives. Journal of International Business Studies, 38 (3), 361-373.
  • Vida, I., Dmitrovic, T. ve Obadia, C. (2008). The role of ethnic affiliation in consumer ethnocentrism. European Journal of Marketing, 42 (3/4), 327-343.
  • Vida, I. ve Reardon, J. (2008). Domestic consumption: rational, affective or normative choice? Journal of Consumer Marketing, 25 (1), 34-44.
  • Wang, C. L. ve Chen, Z. X. (2004). Consumer ethnocentrism and willingness to buy domestic products in a developing country setting: testing moderating effects. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 21 (6), 391-400.
  • Yüce, A. (2014). The role of consumer hostility and consumer ethnocentrism on the ıntention of buying foreign goods: a case study on Iranian, Turkish and Azerbaijani consumers. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 2 (12), 38-55.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Serkan Türkmen 0000-0002-0921-6102

Ahmet Köroğlu 0000-0002-6694-4667

Publication Date December 27, 2017
Submission Date November 21, 2017
Acceptance Date December 22, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Türkmen, S., & Köroğlu, A. (2017). Consumer Ethnocentrism Scale: A Study Of Reliability And Validity. Gastroia: Journal of Gastronomy And Travel Research, 1(1), 36-46.