Abstract
References
- Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study. Lancet 2020; 395: 507-13.
- Huang C, Wang Y, Li XW, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020; 395: 497-06.
- Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 1708-20.
- Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, et al. Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 970-1.
- Liu Y, Zhang J, Hennessy DA, Zhao S, Ji H. Psychological strains, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation among medical and non-medicalstaff in urban china. J. Affect Disord 2019; 245: 22-7.
- Bai Y, Lin CC, Lin CY, Chen JY, Chue CM, Chou P. Survey of stress reactions among healthcare workers involved with the SARS outbreak. Psychiatr Serv 2004; 55: 1055-7.
- Lu W, Wang H, Linc Y, Lia L. Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res 2020; 288: 1-6.
- Soysal P, Smith L, Dokuzlar O, Isik AT. Relationship Between Nutritional Status and Insomnia Severity in Older Adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019; 20: 1593-8.
- Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, et al. Factors Associated with Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3: e203976.
- He C, Levis B, Riehm KE, et al. The accuracy of the patient health questionnaire-9 algorithm for screening to detect major depression: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Psychother Psychosom 2020; 89: 25-37.
- Tempest EL, Carter B, Beck CR, Rubin GJ. Secondary stressors are associated with probable psychological morbidity after flooding: a cross-sectional analysis. Eur J Public Health 2017; 27: 1042-7.
- Wang W, Tang J, Wei F. Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China. J Med Virol 2020; 92: 441-7.
- Poznanski B, Cornacchio D, Coxe S, Pincus DB, McMakin DL, Comer JS. The link between anxiety severity and irritability among anxious youth: Evaluating the mediating role of sleep problems. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2018; 49: 352-9.
- Alvaro P, Roberts RM, Harris JK. A systematic review assessing bidirectionality between sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression. Sleep 2013; 36: 1059-68.
- Zhang YL, Liang W, Chen ZM, et al. Validity and reliability of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Patient Health Questionnaire-2 to screen for depression among college students in China. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2013; 5: 268-75.
- Feng G, Zheng KI, Yan QQ, et al. COVID-19 and liver dysfunction: current insights and emergent therapeutic strategies. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2020; 8: 18-4.
- Kolahkaj B, Zargar F. Effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction on anxiety, depression and stress in women with multiple sclerosis. Nurs Midwifery Stud 2015; 4: e29655.
- Chua SE, Cheung V, Cheung C, et al. Psychological effects of the SARS outbreak in Hong Kong on high-risk healthcare workers. Can J Psychiatry 2004; 49: 391-3.
- Chen XF, Zhang Y, Xu XL, et al. The mediating effects of anxiety, self-efficacy and sleep quality on the relationship between doctor-patient’s empathy and inflammatory marker in patients with ulcerative colitis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25: 7889-9.
- Spinelli M, Lionetti F, Pastore M, Fasolo M. Parents' stress and children's psychological problems in families facing the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Front Psychol 2020; 11: 1713-8.
- Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S, Yang N. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26: e923549-1–e923549-8.
- Luby JL, Heffelfinger A, Mrakotsky C, Brown K, Hessler M, Spitznagel E. Alterations in stress cortisol reactivity in depressed preschoolers relative to psychiatric and no-disorder comparison groups. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60: 1248–5.
Mental status of healthcare professionals according to the level of exposure to COVID-19 patient during the pandemic
Abstract
Introduction: The frontline healthcare workers during the coronavirus outbreak work under intense pressure while working in close contact with COVID-19 patients, and can subsequently develop mental health-related problems. This study aimed to evaluate the mental impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers according to exposure level.
Material and Method: This cross-sectional study included a total of 282 participants. Healthcare workers were divided into two groups as low-risk contact and high-risk contact according to the degree of contact with the coronavirus. Anxiety, depression, and insomnia were evaluated among the groups using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scales.
Results: One hundred seventy eight (62.4%) women and 104 (36.8%) men, with a mean age of 24.59 years were included in this study. The number of low-risk patients was 180 (63.8%), while the number of high-risk patients was 102 (36.1%). In addition, according to the multivariate analysis, staff working in the department with high-risk contact had significantly lower high to suffer anxiety (OR 1.283, 95% CI 1.109-1.483, p=0.001), depression (OR 1.052, 95% CI 1.019-1.088, p=0.001) and insomnia (OR 3.460, 95% CI 2.506-4.784, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Our results show that healthcare workers working in high-risk contact units for exposure to COVID-19 have high levels of anxiety, depression, and insomnia than healthcare workers working in low-risk contact units.
Keywords
References
- Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study. Lancet 2020; 395: 507-13.
- Huang C, Wang Y, Li XW, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020; 395: 497-06.
- Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 1708-20.
- Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, et al. Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 970-1.
- Liu Y, Zhang J, Hennessy DA, Zhao S, Ji H. Psychological strains, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation among medical and non-medicalstaff in urban china. J. Affect Disord 2019; 245: 22-7.
- Bai Y, Lin CC, Lin CY, Chen JY, Chue CM, Chou P. Survey of stress reactions among healthcare workers involved with the SARS outbreak. Psychiatr Serv 2004; 55: 1055-7.
- Lu W, Wang H, Linc Y, Lia L. Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res 2020; 288: 1-6.
- Soysal P, Smith L, Dokuzlar O, Isik AT. Relationship Between Nutritional Status and Insomnia Severity in Older Adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019; 20: 1593-8.
- Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, et al. Factors Associated with Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3: e203976.
- He C, Levis B, Riehm KE, et al. The accuracy of the patient health questionnaire-9 algorithm for screening to detect major depression: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Psychother Psychosom 2020; 89: 25-37.
- Tempest EL, Carter B, Beck CR, Rubin GJ. Secondary stressors are associated with probable psychological morbidity after flooding: a cross-sectional analysis. Eur J Public Health 2017; 27: 1042-7.
- Wang W, Tang J, Wei F. Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China. J Med Virol 2020; 92: 441-7.
- Poznanski B, Cornacchio D, Coxe S, Pincus DB, McMakin DL, Comer JS. The link between anxiety severity and irritability among anxious youth: Evaluating the mediating role of sleep problems. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2018; 49: 352-9.
- Alvaro P, Roberts RM, Harris JK. A systematic review assessing bidirectionality between sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression. Sleep 2013; 36: 1059-68.
- Zhang YL, Liang W, Chen ZM, et al. Validity and reliability of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Patient Health Questionnaire-2 to screen for depression among college students in China. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2013; 5: 268-75.
- Feng G, Zheng KI, Yan QQ, et al. COVID-19 and liver dysfunction: current insights and emergent therapeutic strategies. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2020; 8: 18-4.
- Kolahkaj B, Zargar F. Effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction on anxiety, depression and stress in women with multiple sclerosis. Nurs Midwifery Stud 2015; 4: e29655.
- Chua SE, Cheung V, Cheung C, et al. Psychological effects of the SARS outbreak in Hong Kong on high-risk healthcare workers. Can J Psychiatry 2004; 49: 391-3.
- Chen XF, Zhang Y, Xu XL, et al. The mediating effects of anxiety, self-efficacy and sleep quality on the relationship between doctor-patient’s empathy and inflammatory marker in patients with ulcerative colitis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25: 7889-9.
- Spinelli M, Lionetti F, Pastore M, Fasolo M. Parents' stress and children's psychological problems in families facing the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Front Psychol 2020; 11: 1713-8.
- Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S, Yang N. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26: e923549-1–e923549-8.
- Luby JL, Heffelfinger A, Mrakotsky C, Brown K, Hessler M, Spitznagel E. Alterations in stress cortisol reactivity in depressed preschoolers relative to psychiatric and no-disorder comparison groups. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60: 1248–5.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Original Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | July 20, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 4 |
Cited By
Causes of hyperferritinemia: what has changed with the pandemic?
Cukurova Medical Journal
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1379286
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