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CAMERAL ORGINS OF DENMARK'S POLİTİCAL STRUCTURE

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 26 - 45, 23.05.2022

Abstract

Denmark, which is among the most livable and developed countries in the world according to many international standards today, the political system of the country is emphasized as the point that distinguishes from other countries. When examined in the international system, it is often stated that the political life and the political system are the main determinants in Denmark, which also has a unique cultural and economic system. However, the basic dynamics that make up the unique political system of Denmark and the evolution of the system over the centuries are generally not taken into account in these evaluations. In this study, the political system of Denmark was examined and the effect of the evolution over the political system in the privileged position of the country in Europe and the World was tried to be discussed. In this context, the effect of cameralism on the success of the Danish experience as a stage of transition to bureaucratic administration has been tried to be revealed. In the study, which was prepared with descriptive method and literature review, it was concluded that Denmark built a rational, original and successful political system as a result of successfully adapting the basic values of Protestantism to bureaucracy and politics during the transition period to absolute monarchy and then to constitutional monarchy. The fact that Denmark, which is governed by a secular order today, has designed and implemented its social belief system in a way that closes the political system's deficits, makes it unique.

References

  • “BİR BAKIŞTA AB: Danimarka” https://www.ab.gov.tr/danimarka_238.html Erişim Tarihi 14.01.2022.
  • “Countries in the EU by population (2022)” https://www.worldometers.info/population/countries-in-the-eu-by-population/ Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2021
  • “Denmark’s economy has outperformed everyone” https://cphpost.dk/?p=130315 Erişim tarihi: 02.01.2022
  • “Freedom in the World 2020: Denmark” https://freedomhouse.org/country/denmark/freedom-world/2020 Erişim tarihi: 03.01.2022
  • “GDP (current US$) - European Union” https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=EU&most_recent_value_desc=true Erişim tarihi: 20.12.2021
  • “The Danish approach to innovation and design” https://denmark.dk/innovation-and-design Erişim tarihi: 21.12.2021
  • Akalın, K. H. (2010). Rasyonel Ekonomik Etkinliğin Gelişimi Sürecinde Protestan Ahlakı . Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal Ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi , 2010 (2) , 1-13 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kmusekad/issue/10217/125585
  • Aktel, M. , Kerman, U. , Altan, Y. & Güven, F. (2015). Kameralizmi Anlama Çabası-An Effort To Understand Cameralism . Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi , 7 (12) , 83-98 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/makusobed/issue/19444/206850
  • Bodur, H. E. (1990). Modern Kapitalizmin doğmasında dinin rolü (Kapitalizmin ruhu ile Protestan ahlâkı arasındaki ilişki) . Atatürk Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi , 0 (9) , 0-0 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/atauniilah/issue/2739/36478
  • Borre, Ole, Critical Issues and Political Alienation in Denmark, Scandinavian Political Studies, Vol.23- No.4, 2000 ISSN 0080-6757.
  • Campbelle, John.L, and Pederson, Ove K. (2014), The National Origins of Policy Ideas Knowledge Regimes in The United States, France, Germany and Denmark, Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford.
  • Christiansen, P.M. and Rommetvedt, H., From Corporatism to Lobbyism? Parliaments, Executives, and Organized Interests in Denmark and Norway, Scandinavian Political Studies, Vol.22- No.3,1999, ISSN 0080-6757
  • Danimarka Kraliyet Anayasası, https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Denmark_1953.pdf?lang=en Erişim tarihi: 21.12.2021
  • Demir, K. A. (2020). COĞRAFİ KEŞİFLERİN EKONOMİ VE KAMU YÖNETİMİ SİSTEMİNE KATKILARI: MERKANTİLİZM VE KAMERALİZM . Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi , 29 (1) , 118-135 . DOI: 10.35379/cusosbil.570806
  • Erdem, Ç. (2010). MEHMET SADIK RIFAT PAŞA VE 19. YÜZYIL OSMANLI İMPARATORLUĞU’NA BATILILAŞMA BAĞLAMINDA KAMERALÎZMÎN GİRİŞİ . Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi , 12 (2) , 171-196 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/gaziuiibfd/issue/28322/300968
  • Jakobsen JGG. A Brief History of Medieval Monasticism in Denmark (with Schleswig, Rügen and Estonia). Religions. 2021; 12(7):469. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12070469
  • Jensen, Mette Frisk (2014) THE QUESTION OF HOW DENMARK GOT TO BE DENMARK - ESTABLISHING RULE OF LAW AND FIGHTING CORRUPTION IN THE STATE OF DENMARK 1660 – 1900 QOG THE QUALITY OF GOVERNMENT INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2014:06 https://www.gu.se/sites/default/files/2020-05/QoGWP_2014_06_Frisk%20Jensen.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 15.06.2016
  • Jespersen, K.J.V (2003), Factsheet Denmark, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark. https://www.danskkultur.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/History-2003-en.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 10.04.2016.
  • Koefoed, Nina Javette (2019) Authorities who care, Scandinavian Journal of History, 44:4, 430-453, DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2018.1562965
  • Larsen, H. (2005), Analysing the Foreign Policy of Small States in the EU the Case of Denmark, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
  • Lind, Gunner (1987) Military and absolutism: The army officers of Denmark‐Norway as a social Group and political factor, 1660–1848, Scandinavian Journal of History, 12:3, 221-243, DOI: 10.1080/03468758708579117
  • Lockhart, P. D. (2001). Political Language and Wartime Propaganda in Denmark, 1625–1629. European History Quarterly, 31(1), 5-42.
  • Lykketoft, M. (2014), The Parliamentary System of Denmark, https://www.ft.dk/-/media/pdf/publikationer/english/the-parliamentary-system-of-denmark_a4_opslag_24s-pdf.ashx Erişim Tarihi:10.06.2016.
  • Munck, Thomas (2018) Petitions and ‘legitimate’ engagement with power in absolutist Denmark 1660–1800, Parliaments, Estates and Representation, 38:3, 378-391, DOI: 10.1080/02606755.2018.1532654
  • Pederson-Green, C. (2002), The Politics of Justification Party Competition and Welfare-State Retrenchment in Denmark and The Netherlands From 1982 to 1998, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam.
  • Reeh, Niels (2016). Secularization Revisited - Teaching of Religion and the State of Denmark 1721-2006. Springer International Publishing.
  • Runciman, D. (2016), Politika, Domingo Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Sørensen, A. B. (1998). On Kings, Pietism and Rent-seeking in Scandinavian Welfare States. Acta Sociologica, 41(4), 363–375. https://doi.org/10.1177/000169939804100405
  • Torun, İshak (2002). Kapitalizmin Zorunlu Şartı “Protestan Ahlâk”. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2002, Cilt 3, Sayı 2, ss. 89-98. http://eskidergi.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/makale/150.pdf
  • Tuncer, Aziz (2018). PATRİMONYAL VE BÜROKRATİK YÖNETİM ARASINDA BİR GEÇİŞ DÖNEMİ YAKLAŞIMI OLARAK KAMERALİZM . Journal of Political Administrative and Local Studies , 1 (2) , 1-20 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jpaljournal/issue/39232/465844
  • Usta, S. & Akıncı, A. (2018). BİR ALMAN YÖNETİM YAKLAŞIMI OLARAK KAMERALİZM . Journal of Political Administrative and Local Studies , 1 (1) , 67-86 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jpaljournal/issue/37016/424491
  • Weber, Max (1999). Protestan Ahlakı ve Kapitalizmin Ruhu. Çev. Zeynep Gürata, Ayraç Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Yavaş, Halil (2020), “Avrupa’da İlk Birlik Pratiği Olarak Kalmar Birliği ve Kalmar Anayasası, Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Yıl: 2020, Sayı: 22, Sayfa Aralığı: 349 – 371.

DANİMARKA’NIN POLİTİK YAPISININ KAMERAL KÖKENLERİ

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 26 - 45, 23.05.2022

Abstract

Günümüzde pek çok uluslararası standarda göre dünyanın en yaşanabilir ve gelişmiş ülkeleri arasında yer alan Danimarka’yı diğer ülkelerden ayıran nokta olarak ülkenin siyasal sistemine vurgu yapılmaktadır. Uluslararası sistemde incelendiğinde özgün bir kültürel ve ekonomik sisteme de sahip olan Danimarka’da bu özelliklerden ziyade politika hayatının ve siyasal sistemin asıl belirleyici olduğu sıklıkla belirtilmektedir. Ancak Danimarka’nın özgün politik sistemini oluşturan temel dinamikler ve sistemin yüzyıllar içinde geçirdiği evrim genelde bu değerlendirmelerde dikkate alınmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada Danimarka’nın politik sistemi incelenerek Avrupa ve Dünya’da söz konusu ülkenin ayrıcalıklı konumunda politik sistemin geçirdiği evrimin etkisi tartışılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda bürokratik yönetime geçişin bir aşaması olarak kameralizmin Danimarka deneyiminin başarısına etkisi ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Betimleyici metot ve literatür taramasıyla hazırlanan çalışmada sonuç olarak Danimarka’nın önce mutlak monarşiye ve ardından meşruti monarşiye geçiş sürecinde Protestanlığın temel değerlerini bürokrasi ve siyasete başarılı biçimde uyarlaması sonucu rasyonel, özgün ve başarılı bir politik sistem inşa ettiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bugün laik bir düzenle yönetilen Danimarka’nın toplumsal inanç sistemini politik sistemin açıklarını kapatacak şekilde kurgulamış ve uygulamış olması, onu özgün kılmaktadır.

References

  • “BİR BAKIŞTA AB: Danimarka” https://www.ab.gov.tr/danimarka_238.html Erişim Tarihi 14.01.2022.
  • “Countries in the EU by population (2022)” https://www.worldometers.info/population/countries-in-the-eu-by-population/ Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2021
  • “Denmark’s economy has outperformed everyone” https://cphpost.dk/?p=130315 Erişim tarihi: 02.01.2022
  • “Freedom in the World 2020: Denmark” https://freedomhouse.org/country/denmark/freedom-world/2020 Erişim tarihi: 03.01.2022
  • “GDP (current US$) - European Union” https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=EU&most_recent_value_desc=true Erişim tarihi: 20.12.2021
  • “The Danish approach to innovation and design” https://denmark.dk/innovation-and-design Erişim tarihi: 21.12.2021
  • Akalın, K. H. (2010). Rasyonel Ekonomik Etkinliğin Gelişimi Sürecinde Protestan Ahlakı . Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal Ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi , 2010 (2) , 1-13 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kmusekad/issue/10217/125585
  • Aktel, M. , Kerman, U. , Altan, Y. & Güven, F. (2015). Kameralizmi Anlama Çabası-An Effort To Understand Cameralism . Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi , 7 (12) , 83-98 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/makusobed/issue/19444/206850
  • Bodur, H. E. (1990). Modern Kapitalizmin doğmasında dinin rolü (Kapitalizmin ruhu ile Protestan ahlâkı arasındaki ilişki) . Atatürk Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi , 0 (9) , 0-0 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/atauniilah/issue/2739/36478
  • Borre, Ole, Critical Issues and Political Alienation in Denmark, Scandinavian Political Studies, Vol.23- No.4, 2000 ISSN 0080-6757.
  • Campbelle, John.L, and Pederson, Ove K. (2014), The National Origins of Policy Ideas Knowledge Regimes in The United States, France, Germany and Denmark, Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford.
  • Christiansen, P.M. and Rommetvedt, H., From Corporatism to Lobbyism? Parliaments, Executives, and Organized Interests in Denmark and Norway, Scandinavian Political Studies, Vol.22- No.3,1999, ISSN 0080-6757
  • Danimarka Kraliyet Anayasası, https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Denmark_1953.pdf?lang=en Erişim tarihi: 21.12.2021
  • Demir, K. A. (2020). COĞRAFİ KEŞİFLERİN EKONOMİ VE KAMU YÖNETİMİ SİSTEMİNE KATKILARI: MERKANTİLİZM VE KAMERALİZM . Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi , 29 (1) , 118-135 . DOI: 10.35379/cusosbil.570806
  • Erdem, Ç. (2010). MEHMET SADIK RIFAT PAŞA VE 19. YÜZYIL OSMANLI İMPARATORLUĞU’NA BATILILAŞMA BAĞLAMINDA KAMERALÎZMÎN GİRİŞİ . Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi , 12 (2) , 171-196 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/gaziuiibfd/issue/28322/300968
  • Jakobsen JGG. A Brief History of Medieval Monasticism in Denmark (with Schleswig, Rügen and Estonia). Religions. 2021; 12(7):469. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12070469
  • Jensen, Mette Frisk (2014) THE QUESTION OF HOW DENMARK GOT TO BE DENMARK - ESTABLISHING RULE OF LAW AND FIGHTING CORRUPTION IN THE STATE OF DENMARK 1660 – 1900 QOG THE QUALITY OF GOVERNMENT INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2014:06 https://www.gu.se/sites/default/files/2020-05/QoGWP_2014_06_Frisk%20Jensen.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 15.06.2016
  • Jespersen, K.J.V (2003), Factsheet Denmark, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark. https://www.danskkultur.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/History-2003-en.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 10.04.2016.
  • Koefoed, Nina Javette (2019) Authorities who care, Scandinavian Journal of History, 44:4, 430-453, DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2018.1562965
  • Larsen, H. (2005), Analysing the Foreign Policy of Small States in the EU the Case of Denmark, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
  • Lind, Gunner (1987) Military and absolutism: The army officers of Denmark‐Norway as a social Group and political factor, 1660–1848, Scandinavian Journal of History, 12:3, 221-243, DOI: 10.1080/03468758708579117
  • Lockhart, P. D. (2001). Political Language and Wartime Propaganda in Denmark, 1625–1629. European History Quarterly, 31(1), 5-42.
  • Lykketoft, M. (2014), The Parliamentary System of Denmark, https://www.ft.dk/-/media/pdf/publikationer/english/the-parliamentary-system-of-denmark_a4_opslag_24s-pdf.ashx Erişim Tarihi:10.06.2016.
  • Munck, Thomas (2018) Petitions and ‘legitimate’ engagement with power in absolutist Denmark 1660–1800, Parliaments, Estates and Representation, 38:3, 378-391, DOI: 10.1080/02606755.2018.1532654
  • Pederson-Green, C. (2002), The Politics of Justification Party Competition and Welfare-State Retrenchment in Denmark and The Netherlands From 1982 to 1998, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam.
  • Reeh, Niels (2016). Secularization Revisited - Teaching of Religion and the State of Denmark 1721-2006. Springer International Publishing.
  • Runciman, D. (2016), Politika, Domingo Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Sørensen, A. B. (1998). On Kings, Pietism and Rent-seeking in Scandinavian Welfare States. Acta Sociologica, 41(4), 363–375. https://doi.org/10.1177/000169939804100405
  • Torun, İshak (2002). Kapitalizmin Zorunlu Şartı “Protestan Ahlâk”. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2002, Cilt 3, Sayı 2, ss. 89-98. http://eskidergi.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/makale/150.pdf
  • Tuncer, Aziz (2018). PATRİMONYAL VE BÜROKRATİK YÖNETİM ARASINDA BİR GEÇİŞ DÖNEMİ YAKLAŞIMI OLARAK KAMERALİZM . Journal of Political Administrative and Local Studies , 1 (2) , 1-20 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jpaljournal/issue/39232/465844
  • Usta, S. & Akıncı, A. (2018). BİR ALMAN YÖNETİM YAKLAŞIMI OLARAK KAMERALİZM . Journal of Political Administrative and Local Studies , 1 (1) , 67-86 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jpaljournal/issue/37016/424491
  • Weber, Max (1999). Protestan Ahlakı ve Kapitalizmin Ruhu. Çev. Zeynep Gürata, Ayraç Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Yavaş, Halil (2020), “Avrupa’da İlk Birlik Pratiği Olarak Kalmar Birliği ve Kalmar Anayasası, Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Yıl: 2020, Sayı: 22, Sayfa Aralığı: 349 – 371.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İlknur Rabia Türkölmez 0000-0002-7546-5094

Publication Date May 23, 2022
Submission Date April 7, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Türkölmez, İ. R. (2022). DANİMARKA’NIN POLİTİK YAPISININ KAMERAL KÖKENLERİ. Journal of Political Administrative and Local Studies, 5(1), 26-45.