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The Effort To Reduce Negative Externality In Post Covid-19 Period In Turkish Economy: Example Of Transportation Sector

Year 2020, Volume: 19 Issue: COVID-19 Special Issue, 702 - 727, 31.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.755475

Abstract

Every production element creates negative externality. In this study, the negative externality created by the transportation sector is investigated by extended environmental input-output analysis. In the WIOD input-output table, the transportation sector consists of three sectors as land transportation, air transportation and water transportation. As a result of the analysis carried out in this context, normalized total backward CO2 linkages coefficients are 0,4500 kt CO2 equivalent in land transportation, 0,8929 kt CO2 equivalent in air transportation, and 0,3619 kt CO2 equivalent in water transportation respectively. Normalized total forward CO2 linkages coefficients were found as 1.1895 kt CO2 equivalent in land transportation, 0.77840 kt CO2 equivalent in air transportation and 0.3234 kt CO2 equivalent in water transportation. The Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated to determine whether the transportation sectors' inter-period production chain changed structurally. It was concluded that the input components used in production did not differ significantly. It is predicted that the obtained results will increase even more in the post-covid-19 period and it is recommended to take measures and determine policies for a transportation system in which emission production is limited and renewable and sustainable environmentally friendly fuel types are preferred.

References

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  • Alcántara, V. & Padilla, E. (2009). Input–output subsystems and pollution: An application to the service sector and CO2 emissions in Spain. Ecological Economics, 68(3), 905-914.
  • Andrei, J., Mieila, M., Popescu, G.H., Nica, E. & Cristina, M. (2016). The impact and determinants of environmental taxation on economic growth communities in Romania. Energies, 9(11), 902.
  • Arto, I., Rueda-Cantuche, J.M. & Peters, G.P. (2014). Comparing the GTAP-MRIO and WIOD databases for carbon footprint analysis. Economic Systems Research, 26(3), 327-353.
  • Arto, O.I., Genty, A., Rueda-Cantuche, J. Villanueva, K.A. & Andreoni, V. (2012). Global Resources Use and Pollution: Vol. I, Production, Consumption and Trade (1995-2008). EUR 25462. Luxembourg: European Commission Joint Research.
  • Baker, S. (2006). Sustainable development. New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
  • Baumert, N., Kander, A., Jiborn, M., Kulionis, V. & Nielsen, T. (2019). Global outsourcing of carbon emissions 1995–2009: A reassessment. Environmental Science & Policy, 92, 228-236.
  • Benli, Y. & Peker, S.C (2018). Elektirik tüketimi, CO2 emisyonu ve kişi başı gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Yalçın, A. (Ed.) Amprik bir çalışma. Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kitabı, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler içinde (287-294). (1. Cilt). Ankara:Akademisyen Kitabevi.
  • Bennett, J. (2019). Book review: Biodiversity and Ecological Economics: Participation, values and resource management. Pacific Economic Bulletin, 16(1), 1-12.
  • Bocutoğlu, E. (2016). İktisadi düşünceler tarihi. (3.Baskı). Ankara: Ekin Yayınevi.
  • Cadarso, M. Á., López, L. A., Gómez, N. & Tobarra, M. Á. (2010). CO2 emissions of international freight transport and offshoring: Measurement and allocation. Ecological Economics, 69(8), 1682-1694.
  • Cahen-Fourot, L., Campiglio, E., Dawkins, E., Godin, A. & Kemp-Benedict, E. (2020). Looking for the inverted pyramid: An application using input-output networks. Ecological Economics, 169, 106554.
  • Cansino, J.M., Sánchez-Braza, A. & Rodríguez-Arévalo, M.L. (2015). Driving forces of Spain׳ s CO2 emissions: Almdı decomposition approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 48, 749-759.
  • Cella, G. (1984). The input‐output measurement of interindustry linkages. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 46(1), 73-84.
  • Chatellier, D.L. & Sheinbaum-Pardo, C. (2017). Assessing the ımpacts of final demand on CO2-eq emissions in the Mexican Economy: An ınput-output Analysis. Energy and Power Engineering, 9(1), 40-54.
  • Chenery, H. & Watanabe, B. (1958). Tsunehiko; “ınternational comparison of the structure of production”. Econometrica, 26(4), 487-521.
  • Chung, W., Zhou, G. & Yeung, I. M. (2013). A study of energy efficiency of transport sector in China from 2003 to 2009. Applied Energy, 112, 1066-1077.
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  • Dağdemir, Ö. (2003). Çevre sorunlarına ekonomik yaklaşımlar ve optimal politika arayışları. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Dietzenbacher, E. & Los, B. (2000). Structural decomposition analyses with dependent determinants. Economic System Research, 12(4), 497-514.
  • Eamen, L., Brouwer, R. & Razavi, S. (2020). The economic impacts of water supply restrictions due to climate and policy change: A transboundary river basin supply-side input-output analysis. Ecological Economics, 106532.
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  • Güler, İ. (2019). İktisadi kalkınma temelinde gayrimenkul ekonomisi. (1. Baskı). Ankara:Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Hadjikakou, M. (2016). Trimming the excess: Environmental impacts of discretionary food consumption in Australia. Australia: Ecological Economics, 131(2017), 119–128.
  • Hazari, B. R. (1970). Empirical ıdentification of key sectors in the Indian economy. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 52(3), 301-305.
  • Hickel, J. (2020). The sustainable development index: Measuring the ecological efficiency of human development in the anthropocene. Ecological Economics, 167, 106331.
  • Hirschman, A. O. (1978). The strategy of economic development. ( 1958 edition of the book could not be reached). New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Hotelling, H. (1931). The economics of exhaustible resources. Journal of Political Economy, 39, 2.
  • IEA-International Energy Agency, (2020). Türkiye’de 1990-2018 yılları arasında CO2 üretiminin sektörel dağılımı, Türkiye raporu. Retrieved 2 March 2020 from: https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics?country=TURKEY&fuel=CO2%20emissions&indicator=CO2%20emissions%20by%20sector.
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The Effort To Reduce Negative Externality In Post Covid-19 Period In Turkish Economy: Example Of Transportation Sector

Year 2020, Volume: 19 Issue: COVID-19 Special Issue, 702 - 727, 31.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.755475

Abstract

Every production element creates negative externality. In this study, the negative externality created by the transportation sector is investigated by extended environmental input-output analysis. In the WIOD input-output table, the transportation sector consists of three sectors as land transportation, air transportation and water transportation. As a result of the analysis carried out in this context, normalized total backward CO2 linkages coefficients are 0,4500 kt CO2 equivalent in land transportation, 0,8929 kt CO2 equivalent in air transportation, and 0,3619 kt CO2 equivalent in water transportation respectively. Normalized total forward CO2 linkages coefficients were found as 1.1895 kt CO2 equivalent in land transportation, 0.77840 kt CO2 equivalent in air transportation and 0.3234 kt CO2 equivalent in water transportation. The Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated to determine whether the transportation sectors' inter-period production chain changed structurally. It was concluded that the input components used in production did not differ significantly. It is predicted that the obtained results will increase even more in the post-covid-19 period and it is recommended to take measures and determine policies for a transportation system in which emission production is limited and renewable and sustainable environmentally friendly fuel types are preferred.

References

  • Alcántara, V. & Padilla, E. (2006). An input-Output Analysis of the" key" Sectors in CO2 Emissions From a Production Perspectiv0e: An Application to the Spanish Economy. Bellaterra: Departament d'Economia Aplicada University of Barcelona.
  • Alcántara, V. & Padilla, E. (2009). Input–output subsystems and pollution: An application to the service sector and CO2 emissions in Spain. Ecological Economics, 68(3), 905-914.
  • Andrei, J., Mieila, M., Popescu, G.H., Nica, E. & Cristina, M. (2016). The impact and determinants of environmental taxation on economic growth communities in Romania. Energies, 9(11), 902.
  • Arto, I., Rueda-Cantuche, J.M. & Peters, G.P. (2014). Comparing the GTAP-MRIO and WIOD databases for carbon footprint analysis. Economic Systems Research, 26(3), 327-353.
  • Arto, O.I., Genty, A., Rueda-Cantuche, J. Villanueva, K.A. & Andreoni, V. (2012). Global Resources Use and Pollution: Vol. I, Production, Consumption and Trade (1995-2008). EUR 25462. Luxembourg: European Commission Joint Research.
  • Baker, S. (2006). Sustainable development. New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
  • Baumert, N., Kander, A., Jiborn, M., Kulionis, V. & Nielsen, T. (2019). Global outsourcing of carbon emissions 1995–2009: A reassessment. Environmental Science & Policy, 92, 228-236.
  • Benli, Y. & Peker, S.C (2018). Elektirik tüketimi, CO2 emisyonu ve kişi başı gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Yalçın, A. (Ed.) Amprik bir çalışma. Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kitabı, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler içinde (287-294). (1. Cilt). Ankara:Akademisyen Kitabevi.
  • Bennett, J. (2019). Book review: Biodiversity and Ecological Economics: Participation, values and resource management. Pacific Economic Bulletin, 16(1), 1-12.
  • Bocutoğlu, E. (2016). İktisadi düşünceler tarihi. (3.Baskı). Ankara: Ekin Yayınevi.
  • Cadarso, M. Á., López, L. A., Gómez, N. & Tobarra, M. Á. (2010). CO2 emissions of international freight transport and offshoring: Measurement and allocation. Ecological Economics, 69(8), 1682-1694.
  • Cahen-Fourot, L., Campiglio, E., Dawkins, E., Godin, A. & Kemp-Benedict, E. (2020). Looking for the inverted pyramid: An application using input-output networks. Ecological Economics, 169, 106554.
  • Cansino, J.M., Sánchez-Braza, A. & Rodríguez-Arévalo, M.L. (2015). Driving forces of Spain׳ s CO2 emissions: Almdı decomposition approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 48, 749-759.
  • Cella, G. (1984). The input‐output measurement of interindustry linkages. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 46(1), 73-84.
  • Chatellier, D.L. & Sheinbaum-Pardo, C. (2017). Assessing the ımpacts of final demand on CO2-eq emissions in the Mexican Economy: An ınput-output Analysis. Energy and Power Engineering, 9(1), 40-54.
  • Chenery, H. & Watanabe, B. (1958). Tsunehiko; “ınternational comparison of the structure of production”. Econometrica, 26(4), 487-521.
  • Chung, W., Zhou, G. & Yeung, I. M. (2013). A study of energy efficiency of transport sector in China from 2003 to 2009. Applied Energy, 112, 1066-1077.
  • Corsatea, T. D., Lindner, S., Arto, I., Roman, M. V., Rueda-Cantuche, J. M., Afonso, A. V. & Neuwahl, F. (2019). World Input-Output Database Environmental Accounts. (No. JRC116234). Joint Research Centre (Seville site).
  • Dağdemir, Ö. (2003). Çevre sorunlarına ekonomik yaklaşımlar ve optimal politika arayışları. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Dietzenbacher, E. & Los, B. (2000). Structural decomposition analyses with dependent determinants. Economic System Research, 12(4), 497-514.
  • Eamen, L., Brouwer, R. & Razavi, S. (2020). The economic impacts of water supply restrictions due to climate and policy change: A transboundary river basin supply-side input-output analysis. Ecological Economics, 106532.
  • EU SCIENCE HUB (2019). WIOD Environmental Accounts (2019). Retrieved 5 January 2020 from: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/research-topic/economic-environmental-and-social-effects-of-globalisation.
  • Genty, A., Arto, I. & Neuwahl, F. (2012). Final database of environmental satellite accounts: Technical report on their compilation. WIOD Deliverable, 4(6).
  • Güler, İ. (2019). İktisadi kalkınma temelinde gayrimenkul ekonomisi. (1. Baskı). Ankara:Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Hadjikakou, M. (2016). Trimming the excess: Environmental impacts of discretionary food consumption in Australia. Australia: Ecological Economics, 131(2017), 119–128.
  • Hazari, B. R. (1970). Empirical ıdentification of key sectors in the Indian economy. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 52(3), 301-305.
  • Hickel, J. (2020). The sustainable development index: Measuring the ecological efficiency of human development in the anthropocene. Ecological Economics, 167, 106331.
  • Hirschman, A. O. (1978). The strategy of economic development. ( 1958 edition of the book could not be reached). New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Hotelling, H. (1931). The economics of exhaustible resources. Journal of Political Economy, 39, 2.
  • IEA-International Energy Agency, (2020). Türkiye’de 1990-2018 yılları arasında CO2 üretiminin sektörel dağılımı, Türkiye raporu. Retrieved 2 March 2020 from: https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics?country=TURKEY&fuel=CO2%20emissions&indicator=CO2%20emissions%20by%20sector.
  • KENTGES, (2010). Bütünleşik Kentsel Gelişme Stratejisi ve Eylem Planı 2010-2023. Ankara.
  • Korum, U. (1963). Input-output analizi. (Yayın No. 164-146). Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Yayınları.
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There are 92 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Economics
Authors

İlkay Güler 0000-0003-1289-6652

Publication Date October 31, 2020
Submission Date June 20, 2020
Acceptance Date October 25, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 19 Issue: COVID-19 Special Issue

Cite

APA Güler, İ. (2020). The Effort To Reduce Negative Externality In Post Covid-19 Period In Turkish Economy: Example Of Transportation Sector. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 19(COVID-19 Special Issue), 702-727. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.755475