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KİTLE İLETİŞİMDE GÜNDEM BELİRLEME KURAMI: ANKARA HACI BAYRAM VELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ VE AN NAJAH NATİONAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ

Year 2020, Issue: 47, 451 - 483, 20.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.773231

Abstract

Bu çalışma kitle iletişim araçlarının önemli etkilerinden birisi olduğu varsayılan Gündem Belirleme Kuramının test edilmesi üzerine tasarımlanmıştır. Kitle iletişimin üzerinde en çok araştırma yaptığı kuramlarından birisi olan Gündem belirleme, kitle iletişim araçlarının, etkilerine maruz kalan kişilerin konuları nasıl değerlendirmeleri gerektiği konusunda değil, hangi konu hakkında düşünmeleri şeklinde etkili olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Dolayısıyla insanlar kitle iletişim araçlarında gördükleri konuları kendi aralarında tartışmaktadır. Ancak her biri kendi kültürü, geleneği, görüşü, geçmişi, kişisel özelliklerine göre farklı farklı konuyu tartışmaktadır. Kurama göre, kitle iletişim araçları nasıl düşünüleceği konusunda değil, ne hakkında düşünüleceği durumunda etkilidir. Araştırma, Türkiye Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi ve Filistin An Najah National Üniversitesi öğrencilerinden 740 öğrenciyle yüz yüze yapılan anket üzerine kurulmuştur. Elde edilen kamu gündemi verileriyle öğrencilerin algıladıkları medya gündemi verileri listelenerek medyanın gündem belirleme etkisi ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, cinsiyet, sınıf, üniversite bağımsız değişkenleriyle birlikte, öğrencilerin kendi gündemlerine ilişkin soru (son zamanlarda deneklerin en çok üzerinde durduğu konu) ve medya gündemine dair soru (son zamanlarda kitle iletişim araçlarının en çok üzerinde durduğu konu) ile ilgili görüşleri değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre; cinsiyet, üniversite ve sınıf kategorileri açısından medya gündeminin kamu gündemini karşılaştırıldığında aralarındaki benzerlik oranlarının düşük olduğu görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla Kitle iletişimin Gündem Belirleme Kuramı Türkiye hacı bayram veli üniversitesi ve Filistin An Najah National Üniversitesi öğrencileri örnekleminde yeteri kadar etkili olamamıştır

References

  • Atabek, N. (1997). Gündem Belirleme Araştırmaları. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, Sayı 5 , s. 223-247.
  • Camaj, L., & Weaver, D. H. . (2013). Need for orientation and attribute agenda-setting during a US election campaign. International Journal of Communication, 7 , 1442-1464.
  • Chen, H. L. (2003). Agenda setting in Taiwan's first presidential election, 1996: a comparison of coverage in three newspapers and public perceptions of issues and candidates. (Doctoral dissertation, Mass Communication).
  • Cohen, B. (1963). The press and Foreign policy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Coleman, R., McCombs, M., Shaw, D., & Weaver, D. (2009). Agenda setting. In The handbook of journalism studies (s. 167-180). Routledge.
  • Dearing, J. W. & Rogers, E. M. (1988). Agenda-setting research: Where has it been, where is it going. Communication yearbook, 11 , 555-594.
  • Dearing, J. W. & Rogers, E. M. (1996). Agenda-setting (Vol. 6). SAGE.
  • Erbring, L., Goldenberg, E. N., & Miller, A. H. (1980). Front-page news and real-world cues: A new look at agenda-setting by the media. American Journal of Political Science , 16-49.
  • George, D. & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 17.0 update. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Huckins, K. (1999). Interest-group influence on the media agenda: A case study. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 76(1) , 76-86.
  • İrvan, S. (1997). Foreign Politics and Press: Analizing the Foreign Politics News on theTurkish Press from the Point of View of Agenda-setting. Ankara: Doctorate Thesis, Ankara University.
  • Jorgensen, W. & Hanitzsch, T. (2009). The Handbook of Journalism Studies. Routledge
  • Lippmann, W. (2017). Public opinion. New York: Routledge.
  • Littlejohn, S. W., & Foss, K. A. (2009). Encyclopedia of Communication Theory. Sage .
  • Manheim, J. B., & Albritton, R. B. (1984). Changing national images: International public relations and media agenda setting. American Political Science Association 78(3) , 641-657.
  • Matthes, J. (2005). The need for orientation towards news media: Revising and validating a classic concept. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 18(4) , 422-444.
  • McCombs M. & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media. The Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 36, No. 2 , 176-187.
  • McCombs, M. (2004). Setting the Agenda: The Mass Media and Public Opinion. Malden, MA. Polity.
  • McCombs, M., & Shaw, D. L. (2005). The agenda setting function of the press. G. &. Overholser içinde, The press (s. 156-168). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press Inc.
  • McCombs, M., & Valenzuela, S. (2007). The agenda-setting theory. Cuadernos de información, (20), 44-50.
  • Mustapha, L. K. (2012). Agenda-setting theory: A reflective and visionary analysis. Critique and application of communication theory , s. 85-101.
  • Perse, M. E. (2001). Media Effects and Society. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Protess, D., & McCombs, M. E. (1991). Agenda setting: Readings on media, public opinion, and policymaking. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Protess, D., & McCombs, M. E. (2016). Agenda setting: Readings on media, public opinion, and policymaking. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Scheufele, D. A., & Tewksbury, D. (2006). Framing, agenda setting, and priming: The evolution of three media effects models. Journal of communication, 57(1). 9-20.
  • Severin, W. J. & Tankard, J. W., (1994). İletişim kuramları: Kökenleri, yöntemleri ve kitle iletişim araçlarında kullanımları. Çev:Ali Atıf Bir, N. Serdar Sever,.Anadolu Universitesi Yayınları, Eskişehir.
  • Shaw, D. L., & Martin, S. E. (1992). The function of mass media agenda setting. Journalism Quarterly, 69(4) , 902-920.
  • Stone, Gerald C. & McCombs, Maxwell E. (1981). Tracing the Time Lag in Agenda-Setting. Journalism Quarterly, 58(1), 51-55.
  • Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Pearson Education.
  • Terkan, B. (2007). Basın Ve Siyaset İlişkisinin Gündem Belirleme Modeli Çerçevesinde Bir Analizi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(17) , 561-584.
  • Unvan, A. (2010). A comparative analysis of agenda-setting and political communication: a case study of the 2004 Cyprus Referendum (Doctoral dissertation, University of Westminster).
  • Walgrave, S., & Aelst, P. V. (2006). The contingency of the mass media's political agenda setting power: Toward a preliminary theory. . Journal of communication, 56(1) , 88-109.
  • Winter, J. P., & Eyal, C. H. (1981). Agenda setting for the civil rights issue. Public opinion quarterly, 45(3 , 376-383.
  • Yüksel, E. (2007). “Kamuoyu Oluşturma” Ve “Gündem Belirleme” Kavramları Nerede Kesişmekte, Nerede Ayrılmaktadır? Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2007/1 , 571-586.
  • Yüksel, E. (2001). Medyanın gündem belirleme gücü. Konya: Çizgi Kitabevi Yayınları.

AGENDA SETTING THEORY IN MASS COMMUNICATION: ANKARA HACI BAYRAM VELI UNIVERSITY AND AN NAJAH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Year 2020, Issue: 47, 451 - 483, 20.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.773231

Abstract

This study was designed to test the Agenda Setting Theory, which is supposed to be one of the important effects of mass media. Agenda setting, one of the theories of mass media research, suggests that mass media is effective in thinking about the topic itself rather than thinking about how this topic should be evaluated. However, each discusses different topics according to their own culture, tradition, view, history and personal characteristics. According to the theory, the efficiency of mass media is not concentrated in the strategy of thinking, on the contrary, it’s found to be effective in thinking about what to think about. The research was based on a face-to-face survey with 740 students from Hacı Bayram Veli University in Ankara, Turkey and An-Najah National University students in Palestine. The public agenda data and the media agenda data, perceived by the students, were listed and the agenda setting effect of the media were tried to be revealed.Within the scope of the study, together with the variables of gender, class and university, the student`s views on their own agendas (the topic most recently emphasized) and the question about the media agenda (the topic that mass media has been dealing with most recently) were evaluated. According to the results of the research; when the media agenda is compared with the public agenda in terms of gender, university and class categories, it is found that the similarity rates among them are quite low. Therefore, Agenda Setting Theory of Mass Communication Hacı Bayram Veli universities in Turkey and An-Najah National University students in Palestine have not been sufficiently effective in their sample.

References

  • Atabek, N. (1997). Gündem Belirleme Araştırmaları. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, Sayı 5 , s. 223-247.
  • Camaj, L., & Weaver, D. H. . (2013). Need for orientation and attribute agenda-setting during a US election campaign. International Journal of Communication, 7 , 1442-1464.
  • Chen, H. L. (2003). Agenda setting in Taiwan's first presidential election, 1996: a comparison of coverage in three newspapers and public perceptions of issues and candidates. (Doctoral dissertation, Mass Communication).
  • Cohen, B. (1963). The press and Foreign policy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Coleman, R., McCombs, M., Shaw, D., & Weaver, D. (2009). Agenda setting. In The handbook of journalism studies (s. 167-180). Routledge.
  • Dearing, J. W. & Rogers, E. M. (1988). Agenda-setting research: Where has it been, where is it going. Communication yearbook, 11 , 555-594.
  • Dearing, J. W. & Rogers, E. M. (1996). Agenda-setting (Vol. 6). SAGE.
  • Erbring, L., Goldenberg, E. N., & Miller, A. H. (1980). Front-page news and real-world cues: A new look at agenda-setting by the media. American Journal of Political Science , 16-49.
  • George, D. & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 17.0 update. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Huckins, K. (1999). Interest-group influence on the media agenda: A case study. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 76(1) , 76-86.
  • İrvan, S. (1997). Foreign Politics and Press: Analizing the Foreign Politics News on theTurkish Press from the Point of View of Agenda-setting. Ankara: Doctorate Thesis, Ankara University.
  • Jorgensen, W. & Hanitzsch, T. (2009). The Handbook of Journalism Studies. Routledge
  • Lippmann, W. (2017). Public opinion. New York: Routledge.
  • Littlejohn, S. W., & Foss, K. A. (2009). Encyclopedia of Communication Theory. Sage .
  • Manheim, J. B., & Albritton, R. B. (1984). Changing national images: International public relations and media agenda setting. American Political Science Association 78(3) , 641-657.
  • Matthes, J. (2005). The need for orientation towards news media: Revising and validating a classic concept. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 18(4) , 422-444.
  • McCombs M. & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media. The Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 36, No. 2 , 176-187.
  • McCombs, M. (2004). Setting the Agenda: The Mass Media and Public Opinion. Malden, MA. Polity.
  • McCombs, M., & Shaw, D. L. (2005). The agenda setting function of the press. G. &. Overholser içinde, The press (s. 156-168). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press Inc.
  • McCombs, M., & Valenzuela, S. (2007). The agenda-setting theory. Cuadernos de información, (20), 44-50.
  • Mustapha, L. K. (2012). Agenda-setting theory: A reflective and visionary analysis. Critique and application of communication theory , s. 85-101.
  • Perse, M. E. (2001). Media Effects and Society. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Protess, D., & McCombs, M. E. (1991). Agenda setting: Readings on media, public opinion, and policymaking. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Protess, D., & McCombs, M. E. (2016). Agenda setting: Readings on media, public opinion, and policymaking. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Scheufele, D. A., & Tewksbury, D. (2006). Framing, agenda setting, and priming: The evolution of three media effects models. Journal of communication, 57(1). 9-20.
  • Severin, W. J. & Tankard, J. W., (1994). İletişim kuramları: Kökenleri, yöntemleri ve kitle iletişim araçlarında kullanımları. Çev:Ali Atıf Bir, N. Serdar Sever,.Anadolu Universitesi Yayınları, Eskişehir.
  • Shaw, D. L., & Martin, S. E. (1992). The function of mass media agenda setting. Journalism Quarterly, 69(4) , 902-920.
  • Stone, Gerald C. & McCombs, Maxwell E. (1981). Tracing the Time Lag in Agenda-Setting. Journalism Quarterly, 58(1), 51-55.
  • Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Pearson Education.
  • Terkan, B. (2007). Basın Ve Siyaset İlişkisinin Gündem Belirleme Modeli Çerçevesinde Bir Analizi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(17) , 561-584.
  • Unvan, A. (2010). A comparative analysis of agenda-setting and political communication: a case study of the 2004 Cyprus Referendum (Doctoral dissertation, University of Westminster).
  • Walgrave, S., & Aelst, P. V. (2006). The contingency of the mass media's political agenda setting power: Toward a preliminary theory. . Journal of communication, 56(1) , 88-109.
  • Winter, J. P., & Eyal, C. H. (1981). Agenda setting for the civil rights issue. Public opinion quarterly, 45(3 , 376-383.
  • Yüksel, E. (2007). “Kamuoyu Oluşturma” Ve “Gündem Belirleme” Kavramları Nerede Kesişmekte, Nerede Ayrılmaktadır? Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2007/1 , 571-586.
  • Yüksel, E. (2001). Medyanın gündem belirleme gücü. Konya: Çizgi Kitabevi Yayınları.

AGENDA SETTING THEORY IN MASS COMMUNICATION: ANKARA HACI BAYRAM VELI UNIVERSITY AND AN NAJAH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Year 2020, Issue: 47, 451 - 483, 20.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.773231

Abstract

В нижеследующем исследовании изучается теория установления повестки дня являющийся одним из важных эффектных средств массовой информации. Постановкой повестки дня, которая является одной из наиболее исследованных теорий массовой коммуникации, утверждается, что средства массовой информации эффективны с точки зрения их влияня над массами. В таком случае, массы задумываются по поводу предмета обстоятельства и не стараются его оценивать. Поэтому люди обсуждают между собой проблемы, которые видят в СМИ. Однако, каждый член общества обсуждает разные темы в соответствии со своей культурой, традициями, взглядами, происхождением и личными характеристиками. Согласно теории, СМИ эффективны не в том, как думать, а в том, о чем думать. Иследование было проведено методом устного опроса среди 740 студентов Анкаринского универсмтета им. Хаджи Байрам Вели и Национального университета Палестины Аn Najah. С сопоставлением данных медиа-повестки, воспринимаемых студентами и данными общественной повестки дня было определено влияние СМИ на повестки дня опрошенных студентов. В рамках исследования, наряду с гендерными, классовыми, элементами автономии университетов оценивались мнения студентов по вопросу об их собственной повестке дня (наиболее часто обсуждаемая тема изучаемых в последнее время) и вопросу о медиа-повестке дня (наиболее акцентируемая тема СМИ в последнее время). По результатам исследования было установлено, что сходства между повесткой дня СМИ и повесткой дня общества с точки зрения пола, университетов и классовой класификации невысока. Таким образом, повестка дня теории массовых коммуникаций среди студентов университета Хаджи Байрам Вели и Палестинского Национального университета An Najah не достаточно эффективна.

References

  • Atabek, N. (1997). Gündem Belirleme Araştırmaları. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, Sayı 5 , s. 223-247.
  • Camaj, L., & Weaver, D. H. . (2013). Need for orientation and attribute agenda-setting during a US election campaign. International Journal of Communication, 7 , 1442-1464.
  • Chen, H. L. (2003). Agenda setting in Taiwan's first presidential election, 1996: a comparison of coverage in three newspapers and public perceptions of issues and candidates. (Doctoral dissertation, Mass Communication).
  • Cohen, B. (1963). The press and Foreign policy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Coleman, R., McCombs, M., Shaw, D., & Weaver, D. (2009). Agenda setting. In The handbook of journalism studies (s. 167-180). Routledge.
  • Dearing, J. W. & Rogers, E. M. (1988). Agenda-setting research: Where has it been, where is it going. Communication yearbook, 11 , 555-594.
  • Dearing, J. W. & Rogers, E. M. (1996). Agenda-setting (Vol. 6). SAGE.
  • Erbring, L., Goldenberg, E. N., & Miller, A. H. (1980). Front-page news and real-world cues: A new look at agenda-setting by the media. American Journal of Political Science , 16-49.
  • George, D. & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 17.0 update. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Huckins, K. (1999). Interest-group influence on the media agenda: A case study. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 76(1) , 76-86.
  • İrvan, S. (1997). Foreign Politics and Press: Analizing the Foreign Politics News on theTurkish Press from the Point of View of Agenda-setting. Ankara: Doctorate Thesis, Ankara University.
  • Jorgensen, W. & Hanitzsch, T. (2009). The Handbook of Journalism Studies. Routledge
  • Lippmann, W. (2017). Public opinion. New York: Routledge.
  • Littlejohn, S. W., & Foss, K. A. (2009). Encyclopedia of Communication Theory. Sage .
  • Manheim, J. B., & Albritton, R. B. (1984). Changing national images: International public relations and media agenda setting. American Political Science Association 78(3) , 641-657.
  • Matthes, J. (2005). The need for orientation towards news media: Revising and validating a classic concept. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 18(4) , 422-444.
  • McCombs M. & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media. The Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 36, No. 2 , 176-187.
  • McCombs, M. (2004). Setting the Agenda: The Mass Media and Public Opinion. Malden, MA. Polity.
  • McCombs, M., & Shaw, D. L. (2005). The agenda setting function of the press. G. &. Overholser içinde, The press (s. 156-168). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press Inc.
  • McCombs, M., & Valenzuela, S. (2007). The agenda-setting theory. Cuadernos de información, (20), 44-50.
  • Mustapha, L. K. (2012). Agenda-setting theory: A reflective and visionary analysis. Critique and application of communication theory , s. 85-101.
  • Perse, M. E. (2001). Media Effects and Society. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Protess, D., & McCombs, M. E. (1991). Agenda setting: Readings on media, public opinion, and policymaking. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Protess, D., & McCombs, M. E. (2016). Agenda setting: Readings on media, public opinion, and policymaking. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Scheufele, D. A., & Tewksbury, D. (2006). Framing, agenda setting, and priming: The evolution of three media effects models. Journal of communication, 57(1). 9-20.
  • Severin, W. J. & Tankard, J. W., (1994). İletişim kuramları: Kökenleri, yöntemleri ve kitle iletişim araçlarında kullanımları. Çev:Ali Atıf Bir, N. Serdar Sever,.Anadolu Universitesi Yayınları, Eskişehir.
  • Shaw, D. L., & Martin, S. E. (1992). The function of mass media agenda setting. Journalism Quarterly, 69(4) , 902-920.
  • Stone, Gerald C. & McCombs, Maxwell E. (1981). Tracing the Time Lag in Agenda-Setting. Journalism Quarterly, 58(1), 51-55.
  • Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Pearson Education.
  • Terkan, B. (2007). Basın Ve Siyaset İlişkisinin Gündem Belirleme Modeli Çerçevesinde Bir Analizi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(17) , 561-584.
  • Unvan, A. (2010). A comparative analysis of agenda-setting and political communication: a case study of the 2004 Cyprus Referendum (Doctoral dissertation, University of Westminster).
  • Walgrave, S., & Aelst, P. V. (2006). The contingency of the mass media's political agenda setting power: Toward a preliminary theory. . Journal of communication, 56(1) , 88-109.
  • Winter, J. P., & Eyal, C. H. (1981). Agenda setting for the civil rights issue. Public opinion quarterly, 45(3 , 376-383.
  • Yüksel, E. (2007). “Kamuoyu Oluşturma” Ve “Gündem Belirleme” Kavramları Nerede Kesişmekte, Nerede Ayrılmaktadır? Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2007/1 , 571-586.
  • Yüksel, E. (2001). Medyanın gündem belirleme gücü. Konya: Çizgi Kitabevi Yayınları.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Çetin Murat Hazar 0000-0001-7173-8529

Suha Sbouh 0000-0002-8147-4990

Publication Date September 20, 2020
Submission Date July 24, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 47

Cite

APA Hazar, Ç. M., & Sbouh, S. (2020). KİTLE İLETİŞİMDE GÜNDEM BELİRLEME KURAMI: ANKARA HACI BAYRAM VELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ VE AN NAJAH NATİONAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, 1(47), 451-483. https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.773231