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OECD EKONOMİLERİNDE SAĞLIK HARCAMALARININ EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 72 - 86, 20.04.2018

Abstract

Amaç: İçsel büyüme modellerinin
geliştirilmesi ile birlikte beşeri sermaye kavramı ekonomiler için önemli bir
faktör halini almıştır. Beşeri sermaye unsuru ise bireyler için yapılan eğitim
ve sağlık harcamaları ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Literatürde beşeri sermayenin
ekonomilerde büyüme üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırıldığı bir çok çalışma söz
konusudur. Bu çalışmada ise Türkiye’nin de dahil olduğu 34 OECD ülkesinde
beşeri sermayenin oluşumunda önemli bir faktör olan sağlık harcamalarının
ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkileri incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın temel
amacı ise OECD ülkelerinde yapılan toplam sağlık harcamalarının bu ekonomilerde
büyüme üzerindeki etkilerinin analiz edilmesidir.

Yöntem: Çalışmanın amacına uygun
olarak öncelikle Panel Birim Kök testleri ve Panel Eşbütünleşme yapılmış daha
sonra ise Panel Tam Uyarlanmış En
Küçük Kareler Tahmini ve Vektör Hata Düzeltme Modeli kullanılmıştır.











Bulgular: Çalışmanın analiz kısmında
elde edilen bulgulara göre OECD ülkeleri için sağlık harcamaları ile Gayrisafi Yurtiçi
Hasıla arasında doğrusal bir ilişki söz konusudur. Bu ekonomilerde sağlık
harcamalarında meydana gelen artışlar milli geliri de arttırmaktadır. Ayrıca
Vektör Hata Düzeltme Modeli sonuçlarına göre ele alınan değişkenler arasında
çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi de söz konusudur.

References

  • 1- Arısoy, İ., Ünlükaplan, İ., & Ergen, Z. (2010). The relationship between social expenditures and economic growth: a dynamic analysis intended for 1960–2005 period of the Turkish economy. MaliyeDergisi, 158, 398-421.
  • 2- Aurangzeb, A. Z. (2003). Relationship between Health Expenditure and GDP in an Augmented Solow Growth Model for Pakistan: An Application of Co-integration and Error-Correction Modeling. Lahore Journal of Economics, 8(2), 1-16.
  • 3- Ay, A., Kızılkaya, O., & Akar, T. (2016). Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yolsuzluk ve demokrasi'nin DYY üzerindeki etkisi: ampirik bir inceleme. Business and Economics Research Journal, 7(3), 73-88.
  • 4- Bakare, A. A., & Olubokun, S. (2011). Health care expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria: An empirical study. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS), 2(2), 83-87.
  • 5- Baldacci, E., Clements, B., Gupta, S., & Cui, Q. (2008). Social spending, human capital, and growth in developing countries. World development, 36(8), 1317-1341.
  • 6- Becker, G. S., Murphy, K. M., & Tamura, R. (1990). Human capital, fertility, and economic growth. Journal of political economy, 98(5, Part 2), S12-S37.
  • 7- Baltagi, Badi H. (2011) Econometrics, Fifth Edition, Springer, New York.
  • 8- Bhargava, A., Jamison, D. T., Lau, L. J., & Murray, C. J. (2001). Modeling the effects of health on economic growth. Journal of health economics, 20(3), 423-440.
  • 9- Choi, I. (2001). Unit root tests for panel data. Journal of International Money and Finance, 20(2), 249-272.
  • 10- Elmi, Z. M., & Sadeghi, S. (2012). Health care expenditures and economic growth in developing countries: panel co-integration and causality. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 12(1), 88-91.
  • 11- Ercan, N. Y. (2000). İçsel Büyüme Teorisi: Genel Bir Bakış. Planlama Dergisi Özel Sayı-DPT’nin Kuruluşunun 42. Yılı.
  • 12- Ergün, S., & Polat, M. A. (2015). OECD ülkelerinde co2 emisyonu, elektrik tüketimi ve büyüme ilişkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (45), 115-141.
  • 13- Guisan, M. C., & Arranz, M. (2008). Econometric Models of Private and Public Health Expenditure in OECD Countries, 1970-96.
  • 14- Heshmati, A. (2001). On the causality between GDP and health care Eexpenditure in augmented Solow growth model (No. 423). SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance.
  • 15- Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), 53-74.
  • 16- Kao, C. (1999). Spurious regression and residual-based tests for cointegration in panel data. Journal of Econometrics, 90(1), 1-44.
  • 17- Kar, M., & Taban, S. (2003). The impacts of the disaggregated public expenditure on economic growth. Ankara University Faculty of Political Science, 53(3), 145-169. Kwak, R. (2009). The Relative Role of Public and Private Health Expenditure for Economic Growth: A Solow Growth Model Expansion. Senior Honors Theses.
  • 18- Karagül, M. (2003). Beşeri Sermayenin Ekonomik Büyümeyle İlişkisi Ve Etkin Kullanımı. Akdeniz İİ BF Dergisi, 5(2003), 79-90.
  • 19- Kibritçioğlu, A. (1998). İktisadi Büyümenin Belirleyicileri Ve Yeni Büyüme Modellerinde Beşeri Sermayenin Veri. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 53(01).
  • 20- Law, S. H., Azman-Saini, W. N. W., & Tan, H. B. (2014). Economic Globalization And Financial Development İn East Asia: A Panel Cointegration And Causality Analysis. Emerging Markets Finance And Trade, 50(1), 210-225.
  • 21- Levin, A., Lin, C. F., & Chu, C. S. J. (2002). Unit Root Tests İn Panel Data: Asymptotic And Finite-Sample Properties. Journal Of Econometrics, 108(1), 1-24.
  • 22- Lucas Jr, R. E. (1988). On The Mechanics Of Economic Development. Journal Of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3-42.
  • 23- Maddala, G. S., & Wu, S. (1999). A Comparative Study Of Unit Root Tests With Panel Data And A New Simple Test. Oxford Bulletin Of Economics And Statistics, 61(S1), 631-652.
  • 24- Mandiefe, S. P., & Chupezi, J. T. (2015). Contribution Of Public Health Investments To The Economic Growth Of Cameroon. Business And Economics Journal, 6(4), 1.
  • 25- Mazgit, İ. (2002). Bilgi Toplumu Ve Sağlığın Artan Önemi. I. Ulusal Bilgi, Ekonomi Ve Yönetim Kongresi,(Hereke-Kocaeli), 405-415.
  • 26- Pedroni, P. (1999). Critical Values For Cointegration Tests İn Heterogeneous Panels With Multiple Regressors. Oxford Bulletin Of Economics And Statistics, 61(S1), 653-670.
  • 27- Pedroni, P. (2000). Fully Modified OLS For Heterogeneous Cointegrated Panels, Nonstationary Panels, Panel Cointegration And Dynamic Panels,15, 93–130. Pearce, D. (1991). The Role Of Carbon Taxes İn Adjusting To Global Warming, Economic Journal, 101 (407), 938–48.
  • 28- Romer, P. M. (1986). Increasing Returns And Long-Run Growth. Journal Of Political Economy, 94(5), 1002-1037.
  • 29- Taban, S. (2006). Türkiye'de Sağlık ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi. Sosyoekonomi, 4(4).
  • 30- Yardımcıoğlu, F., & Gülmez, A. (2013). Türk Cumhuriyetlerinde İhracat ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Panel Eşbütünleşme ve Panel Nedensellik Analizi. Bilgi Ekonomisi Ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 8(1), 145-161.Zamora, J. (2000, July). Investment in Health And Economic Growth: A Perspective From Latin America and The Caribbean. In 35th Meeting Of The Advisory Committee Of Health Research, July, Pan American Health Organization, Division Of Health and Human Development, Washington (Http://Www. Paho. Org/English/HDP/HDR/ACHR-00-08. Pdf).

THE EFFECT OF HEALTH EXPENDITURES ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN OECD ECONOMIES

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 72 - 86, 20.04.2018

Abstract

Objective: The concept of human capital has become an important factor for economies with the development of intrinsic growth models. Also, the factor of human capital is directly related to the education and health expenditures made for humans. There are many studies in the literature on the effects of human capital on the growth in economies. In this study, the effects of health expenditures, which is an important factor in the formation of the human capital, on the economic growth in 34 OECD countries, including Turkey, are analyzed. The main objective of the study is to analyse the effects of the overall health expenditures in the OECD countries on the growth in these countries’ economies.
Methodology: In accordance with the purpose of this study, firstly Panel Unit Root Tests and Panel Cointegration and then Fully Modified OLS and Vector Error Correction Model were used.
Findings: According to the findings from the analysis of the study, there is a linear relationship between health expenditures and GDP in the OECD countries. Increases in the health expenditures causes increase in GDP. Moreover, according to Vector Error Correction Model’s results, there is also a bi-directional causality relationship between the variables.

References

  • 1- Arısoy, İ., Ünlükaplan, İ., & Ergen, Z. (2010). The relationship between social expenditures and economic growth: a dynamic analysis intended for 1960–2005 period of the Turkish economy. MaliyeDergisi, 158, 398-421.
  • 2- Aurangzeb, A. Z. (2003). Relationship between Health Expenditure and GDP in an Augmented Solow Growth Model for Pakistan: An Application of Co-integration and Error-Correction Modeling. Lahore Journal of Economics, 8(2), 1-16.
  • 3- Ay, A., Kızılkaya, O., & Akar, T. (2016). Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yolsuzluk ve demokrasi'nin DYY üzerindeki etkisi: ampirik bir inceleme. Business and Economics Research Journal, 7(3), 73-88.
  • 4- Bakare, A. A., & Olubokun, S. (2011). Health care expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria: An empirical study. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS), 2(2), 83-87.
  • 5- Baldacci, E., Clements, B., Gupta, S., & Cui, Q. (2008). Social spending, human capital, and growth in developing countries. World development, 36(8), 1317-1341.
  • 6- Becker, G. S., Murphy, K. M., & Tamura, R. (1990). Human capital, fertility, and economic growth. Journal of political economy, 98(5, Part 2), S12-S37.
  • 7- Baltagi, Badi H. (2011) Econometrics, Fifth Edition, Springer, New York.
  • 8- Bhargava, A., Jamison, D. T., Lau, L. J., & Murray, C. J. (2001). Modeling the effects of health on economic growth. Journal of health economics, 20(3), 423-440.
  • 9- Choi, I. (2001). Unit root tests for panel data. Journal of International Money and Finance, 20(2), 249-272.
  • 10- Elmi, Z. M., & Sadeghi, S. (2012). Health care expenditures and economic growth in developing countries: panel co-integration and causality. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 12(1), 88-91.
  • 11- Ercan, N. Y. (2000). İçsel Büyüme Teorisi: Genel Bir Bakış. Planlama Dergisi Özel Sayı-DPT’nin Kuruluşunun 42. Yılı.
  • 12- Ergün, S., & Polat, M. A. (2015). OECD ülkelerinde co2 emisyonu, elektrik tüketimi ve büyüme ilişkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (45), 115-141.
  • 13- Guisan, M. C., & Arranz, M. (2008). Econometric Models of Private and Public Health Expenditure in OECD Countries, 1970-96.
  • 14- Heshmati, A. (2001). On the causality between GDP and health care Eexpenditure in augmented Solow growth model (No. 423). SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance.
  • 15- Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), 53-74.
  • 16- Kao, C. (1999). Spurious regression and residual-based tests for cointegration in panel data. Journal of Econometrics, 90(1), 1-44.
  • 17- Kar, M., & Taban, S. (2003). The impacts of the disaggregated public expenditure on economic growth. Ankara University Faculty of Political Science, 53(3), 145-169. Kwak, R. (2009). The Relative Role of Public and Private Health Expenditure for Economic Growth: A Solow Growth Model Expansion. Senior Honors Theses.
  • 18- Karagül, M. (2003). Beşeri Sermayenin Ekonomik Büyümeyle İlişkisi Ve Etkin Kullanımı. Akdeniz İİ BF Dergisi, 5(2003), 79-90.
  • 19- Kibritçioğlu, A. (1998). İktisadi Büyümenin Belirleyicileri Ve Yeni Büyüme Modellerinde Beşeri Sermayenin Veri. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 53(01).
  • 20- Law, S. H., Azman-Saini, W. N. W., & Tan, H. B. (2014). Economic Globalization And Financial Development İn East Asia: A Panel Cointegration And Causality Analysis. Emerging Markets Finance And Trade, 50(1), 210-225.
  • 21- Levin, A., Lin, C. F., & Chu, C. S. J. (2002). Unit Root Tests İn Panel Data: Asymptotic And Finite-Sample Properties. Journal Of Econometrics, 108(1), 1-24.
  • 22- Lucas Jr, R. E. (1988). On The Mechanics Of Economic Development. Journal Of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3-42.
  • 23- Maddala, G. S., & Wu, S. (1999). A Comparative Study Of Unit Root Tests With Panel Data And A New Simple Test. Oxford Bulletin Of Economics And Statistics, 61(S1), 631-652.
  • 24- Mandiefe, S. P., & Chupezi, J. T. (2015). Contribution Of Public Health Investments To The Economic Growth Of Cameroon. Business And Economics Journal, 6(4), 1.
  • 25- Mazgit, İ. (2002). Bilgi Toplumu Ve Sağlığın Artan Önemi. I. Ulusal Bilgi, Ekonomi Ve Yönetim Kongresi,(Hereke-Kocaeli), 405-415.
  • 26- Pedroni, P. (1999). Critical Values For Cointegration Tests İn Heterogeneous Panels With Multiple Regressors. Oxford Bulletin Of Economics And Statistics, 61(S1), 653-670.
  • 27- Pedroni, P. (2000). Fully Modified OLS For Heterogeneous Cointegrated Panels, Nonstationary Panels, Panel Cointegration And Dynamic Panels,15, 93–130. Pearce, D. (1991). The Role Of Carbon Taxes İn Adjusting To Global Warming, Economic Journal, 101 (407), 938–48.
  • 28- Romer, P. M. (1986). Increasing Returns And Long-Run Growth. Journal Of Political Economy, 94(5), 1002-1037.
  • 29- Taban, S. (2006). Türkiye'de Sağlık ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi. Sosyoekonomi, 4(4).
  • 30- Yardımcıoğlu, F., & Gülmez, A. (2013). Türk Cumhuriyetlerinde İhracat ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Panel Eşbütünleşme ve Panel Nedensellik Analizi. Bilgi Ekonomisi Ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 8(1), 145-161.Zamora, J. (2000, July). Investment in Health And Economic Growth: A Perspective From Latin America and The Caribbean. In 35th Meeting Of The Advisory Committee Of Health Research, July, Pan American Health Organization, Division Of Health and Human Development, Washington (Http://Www. Paho. Org/English/HDP/HDR/ACHR-00-08. Pdf).
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Abdüsselam Sağın

Fatih Karasaç

Publication Date April 20, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Sağın, A., & Karasaç, F. (2018). OECD EKONOMİLERİNDE SAĞLIK HARCAMALARININ EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ. Kırklareli Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), 72-86.