Depresyon ve anksiyete bozukluğu olan ebeveynlerin çocuklarında görülen ruhsal bozukluklar

Seda Bozduman; Gülen Güler Aksu; Fevziye Toros

doi:10.26559/mersinsbd.840865

Research Article

Depresyon ve anksiyete bozukluğu olan ebeveynlerin çocuklarında görülen ruhsal bozukluklar

Year 2021, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 242 - 252, 25.08.2021

Seda Bozduman Gülen Güler Aksu Fevziye Toros

https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.840865

Abstract

Amaç: Majör depresif bozukluk (MDB) veya anksiyete bozukluğu (AB) tanılı ebeveynlerin çocuklarında yıkıcı duygudurum düzenleyememe bozukluğu (YDDB) başta olmak üzere ruhsal bozuklukların araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri polikliniğine Eylül 2018-Eylül 2019 tarihleri arasında başvuran MDB olan 46 ve AB olan 34 ebeveynin 6-18 yaşları arasındaki 80 çocuğu çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Kontrol grubunu, herhangi bir psikiyatrik rahatsızlığı olmayan Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi pediatri polikliniğine basit fiziksel yakınmalar ile başvuran sağlıklı ebeveynlerin aynı yaştaki 40 sağlıklı çocuğu oluşturmaktadır. Çocuk ve ebeveyn ile Okul Çağı (6-18 Yaş) Çocukları İçin Duygulanım Bozuklukları ve Şizofreni Görüşme Çizelgesi-Şimdi ve Yaşam Boyu Versiyonu Türkçe (ÇGDŞ-ŞY-T), Beck depresyon, Beck anksiyete, DSM-IV’e dayalı DEHB tanı ve değerlendirme ölçeği, Çocukluk Çağı Kaygı Bozuklukları Ölçeği (ÇATÖ), Çocuklar için Depresyon Ölçeği (ÇDÖ) uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda ebeveyninde AB ve MDB olan çocuklarda daha fazla ruhsal bozukluk saptandı. En sık görülen psikopatoloji DEHB iken bunu YAB, MDB, sosyal fobinin takip ettiği görüldü. Tüm örneklemde DSM-5’e göre sadece bir olgu (%2.9) YDDB tanısını karşıladı. Hem MDB hem AB grubunda karşıt olma karşı gelme puanları (p=0.019), AB grubunda ise davranım bozukluğu puanları (p=0.043) kontrollerden anlamlı düzeyde yüksekti. Sonuç: Ebeveynlerinde ruhsal bozukluk olan çocuklar psikopatoloji gelişimi açısından risk altındadır ve ebeveynlere yönelik uygun tarama programlarının geliştirilmesi önem arz etmektedir. Çocuk psikiyatri kliniklerine en sık başvuru şikâyetleri sinirlilik, öfke patlamaları gibi YDDB semptomları iken çalışma sonuçları tanısal anlamda YDDB’nin düşük olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu durum ileri çalışmalarda daha çok YDDB’nin semptomlar düzeyinde irdelenmesinin faydalı olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

Keywords

anksiyete, depresyon, dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu, ebeveynler, çocuk

References

1. Nilsen W, Karevold EB, Kaasbøll J, Kjeldsen A. Nuancing the role of social skills- a longitudinal study of early maternal psychological distress and adolescent depressive symptoms. BMC Pediatr. 2018;10;18(1):133.
2. Van Santvoort F, Hosman CM, Janssens JM, Van Doesum KT, Reupert A, Van Loon LM. The impact of various parental mental disorders on children’s diagnoses: A systematic review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2015;18:281-299.
3. Allen TA, Oshri A, Rogosch FA, Toth SL, Cicchetti D. Offspring Personality Mediates the Association between Maternal Depression and Childhood Psychopathology. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2019;47(2):345-357.
4. Ulmer-Yaniv A, Djalovski A, Priel A, Zagoory-Sharon O, Feldman R. Maternal depression alters stress and immune biomarkers in mother and child. Depress Anxiety. 2018;35(12):1145-1157. doi: 10.1002/da.22818
5. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fifth Edition, DSM-5. Washington DC; 2013.
6. Kessel EM, Kujawa A, Dougherty LR, Hajcak G, Carlson GA, Klein DN. Neurophysiological Processing of Emotion in Children of Mothers with a History of Depression: the Moderating Role of Preschool Persistent Irritability. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2017;45(8):1599-1608.
7. Whelan YM, Leibenluft E, Stringaris A, Barker ED. Pathways from maternal depressive symptoms to adolescent depressive symptoms: the unique contribution of irritability symptoms. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2015;56:1092-1100.
8. Vidal-Ribas P, Stringaris A. How and Why Are Irritability and Depression Linked? Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2021;30(2):401-414.
9. Sparks GM, Axelson DA, Yu H, et al. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and chronic irritability in youth at familial risk for bipolar disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2014;53:408-416.
10. Propper L, Cumby J, Patterson VC, et al. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in offspring of parents with depression and bipolar disorder. BR J Psych. 2017;210:408-412.
11. Chae HK, East P, Delva J, Lozoff B, Gahagan S. Maternal Depression Trajectories Relate to Youths' Psychosocial and Cognitive Functioning at Adolescence and Young Adulthood. J Child Fam Stud. 2020;29(12):3459-3469.
12. Kaufman H, Birmaher B, Brent D, et al. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children- Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36:980-988.
13. Ünal F, Öktem F, Çuhadaroğlu FÇ. Okul Çağı Çocukları için Duygulanım Bozuklukları ve Şizofreni Görüşme Çizelgesi – Şimdi ve Yaşam Boyu Şekli – DSM 5 Kasım 2016 Türkçe Uyarlamasının (ÇDŞG – ŞY – DSM 5 – T) Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2019;30:42-50.
14. Ercan ES, Amado S, Somer O. Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu ve yıkıcı davranım bozuklukları için bir test bataryası geliştirme çabası. Çocuk Genç Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi. 2001;8:132-44.
15. Öy B. Çocuklar için depresyon ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 1991;2:132-136.
16. Birmaher B, Khetarpal S, Brent D, et al. The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): scale construction and psychometric characteristics. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997; 36:545-553.
17. Karaceylan Çakmakçı F. Çocuklarda anksiyete bozukluklarını tarama ölçeği geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. [Tıpta uzmanlık tezi]. Kocaeli, Türkiye: Kocaeli Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları ABD, 2004.
18. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4:561-571.
19. Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Envanteri’nin geçerliği üzerine bir çalışma. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi. 1988;7:3-13.
20. Arkar H, Şafak C. Klinik bir örneklemde Beck depresyon envanterinin boyutlarının araştırılması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi. 2004;19:117-123.
21. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Ster RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56:893-897.
22. Ulusoy M, Şahin NH, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric properties. J Cogn Psychother. 1998;12:163- 172.
23. Nieto L, Lara MA, Navarrete L, Manzo G. Infant temperament and perinatal depressive and anxiety symptoms in Mexican women. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2019;21:39-45.
24. Glynn LM, Howland MA, Sandman CA, et al. Prenatal maternal mood patterns predict child temperament and adolescent mental health. J Affect Disord. 2018;1;228:83-90.
25. Loechner J, Sfärlea A, Starman K, et al. Risk of depression in the offspring of parents with depression: The role of emotion regulation, cognitive style, parenting and life events. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2020; 51:294-309.
26. Lawrence PJ, Murayama K, Creswell C. Systematic review and meta-analysis: Anxiety and depressive disorders in offspring of parents with anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2019;58:46-60.
27. Sotsi S, Broekman BFP, Sim LW, et al. Maternal Anxiety, Parenting Stress, and Preschoolers' Behavior Problems: The Role of Child Self-Regulation. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2019;40(9):696-705.
28. Garcia AM, Medina D, Sibley MH. Conflict between Parents and Adolescents with ADHD: Situational Triggers and the Role of Comorbidity. J Child Fam Stud. 2019;28, 3338–3345.
29. Scot S. Oppositional-defiant and conduct disorders. İçinde: Thapar A, Pine D, Leckman JF, Scott S, Snowling MJ, Taylor EA, ed. Rutter’s Child Adolescent Psychiatry. 6. Baskı Oxford: John Wiley & Sons; 2015:913-930.
30. Faedda GL, Baldessarini RJ, Marangoni C, et al. An International Society of Bipolar Disorders task force report: Precursors and prodromes of bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2019;21(8):720-740. doi: 10.1111/bdi.12831.
31. Hernandez M, Marangoni C, Grant MC, Estrada J, Faedda GL. Parental Reports of Prodromal Psychopathology in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2017;15(3):380-385.
32. de la Vega D, Piña A, Peralta FJ, et al. A Review on the General Stability of Mood Disorder Diagnoses Along the Lifetime. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2018:20, 29.
33. Baweja R, Mayes SD, Hameed U, Waxmonsky JG. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: current insights. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;24;12:2115-24.
34. Lochman JE, Evans SC, Burke JD, et al. An empirically based alternative to DSM-5's Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder for ICD-11. World Psychiatry. 2015;14:30–33. doi: 10.1002/wps.20176
35. Mayes SD, Waxmonsky JD, Calhoun SL, Bixler EO. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder symptoms and associations with oppositional defiant and other disorders in a general population child sample. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2016; 26:101–106.
36. Tufan E, Topal Z, Demir N, et al. Sociodemographic and clinical features of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: A chart review. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2016;26:94-100.

Psychopathologies in children whose parents are diagnosed with a major depressive disorder or anxiety disorder

Year 2021, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 242 - 252, 25.08.2021

Seda Bozduman Gülen Güler Aksu Fevziye Toros

https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.840865

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to investigate psychiatric disorders, especially disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), in children whose parents have a major depressive disorder (MDD) or anxiety disorder (AD). Method: The sample consisted of 80 children whose parents were admitted to the Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic in Mersin University Faculty of Medicine and diagnosed with an MDD (N=46) or AD (N=34) between September 2018 and September 2019. The control group consisted of 40 aged-matched healthy children whose parents did not have any psychiatric disorders. These children were admitted to the Mersin University Faculty of Medicine Pediatric Outpatient Clinic with simple physical complaints. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children- Present and Lifetime version- Turkish, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Turgay DSM-IV Based Disruptive Behavior Disorder Rating Scale, The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders, and Children’s Depression Inventory were used to evaluate psychiatric symptoms of children with their parents. Results: The children whose parents had an MDD or AD showed more psychiatric problems than healthy controls. ADHD was the most frequently observed diagnosis, followed by GAD, MDD and social phobia. According to DSM-5, only one case (2.9%) met the diagnosis of DMDD in the whole sample. The scores of oppositional defiant disorder in the MDD and AD group were significantly higher than in the control group (p = 0.019). Additionally, conduct disorder scores in the AD group were significantly higher than in the controls (p = 0.043). Conclusion: Children whose parents have a mental disorder, are at risk for developing psychological problems and it is important to develop appropriate screening tools for parents. While the most common complaints of admission to child psychiatry clinics are DMDD symptoms such as nervousness and temper outbursts, the study results showed that the diagnostic rate of DMDD was low. This situation suggests that it may be useful to examine DMDD at the level of symptoms in further studies.

Keywords

Anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, parents, child

References

1. Nilsen W, Karevold EB, Kaasbøll J, Kjeldsen A. Nuancing the role of social skills- a longitudinal study of early maternal psychological distress and adolescent depressive symptoms. BMC Pediatr. 2018;10;18(1):133.
2. Van Santvoort F, Hosman CM, Janssens JM, Van Doesum KT, Reupert A, Van Loon LM. The impact of various parental mental disorders on children’s diagnoses: A systematic review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2015;18:281-299.
3. Allen TA, Oshri A, Rogosch FA, Toth SL, Cicchetti D. Offspring Personality Mediates the Association between Maternal Depression and Childhood Psychopathology. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2019;47(2):345-357.
4. Ulmer-Yaniv A, Djalovski A, Priel A, Zagoory-Sharon O, Feldman R. Maternal depression alters stress and immune biomarkers in mother and child. Depress Anxiety. 2018;35(12):1145-1157. doi: 10.1002/da.22818
5. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fifth Edition, DSM-5. Washington DC; 2013.
6. Kessel EM, Kujawa A, Dougherty LR, Hajcak G, Carlson GA, Klein DN. Neurophysiological Processing of Emotion in Children of Mothers with a History of Depression: the Moderating Role of Preschool Persistent Irritability. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2017;45(8):1599-1608.
7. Whelan YM, Leibenluft E, Stringaris A, Barker ED. Pathways from maternal depressive symptoms to adolescent depressive symptoms: the unique contribution of irritability symptoms. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2015;56:1092-1100.
8. Vidal-Ribas P, Stringaris A. How and Why Are Irritability and Depression Linked? Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2021;30(2):401-414.
9. Sparks GM, Axelson DA, Yu H, et al. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and chronic irritability in youth at familial risk for bipolar disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2014;53:408-416.
10. Propper L, Cumby J, Patterson VC, et al. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in offspring of parents with depression and bipolar disorder. BR J Psych. 2017;210:408-412.
11. Chae HK, East P, Delva J, Lozoff B, Gahagan S. Maternal Depression Trajectories Relate to Youths' Psychosocial and Cognitive Functioning at Adolescence and Young Adulthood. J Child Fam Stud. 2020;29(12):3459-3469.
12. Kaufman H, Birmaher B, Brent D, et al. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children- Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36:980-988.
13. Ünal F, Öktem F, Çuhadaroğlu FÇ. Okul Çağı Çocukları için Duygulanım Bozuklukları ve Şizofreni Görüşme Çizelgesi – Şimdi ve Yaşam Boyu Şekli – DSM 5 Kasım 2016 Türkçe Uyarlamasının (ÇDŞG – ŞY – DSM 5 – T) Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2019;30:42-50.
14. Ercan ES, Amado S, Somer O. Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu ve yıkıcı davranım bozuklukları için bir test bataryası geliştirme çabası. Çocuk Genç Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi. 2001;8:132-44.
15. Öy B. Çocuklar için depresyon ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 1991;2:132-136.
16. Birmaher B, Khetarpal S, Brent D, et al. The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): scale construction and psychometric characteristics. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997; 36:545-553.
17. Karaceylan Çakmakçı F. Çocuklarda anksiyete bozukluklarını tarama ölçeği geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. [Tıpta uzmanlık tezi]. Kocaeli, Türkiye: Kocaeli Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları ABD, 2004.
18. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4:561-571.
19. Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Envanteri’nin geçerliği üzerine bir çalışma. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi. 1988;7:3-13.
20. Arkar H, Şafak C. Klinik bir örneklemde Beck depresyon envanterinin boyutlarının araştırılması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi. 2004;19:117-123.
21. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Ster RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56:893-897.
22. Ulusoy M, Şahin NH, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric properties. J Cogn Psychother. 1998;12:163- 172.
23. Nieto L, Lara MA, Navarrete L, Manzo G. Infant temperament and perinatal depressive and anxiety symptoms in Mexican women. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2019;21:39-45.
24. Glynn LM, Howland MA, Sandman CA, et al. Prenatal maternal mood patterns predict child temperament and adolescent mental health. J Affect Disord. 2018;1;228:83-90.
25. Loechner J, Sfärlea A, Starman K, et al. Risk of depression in the offspring of parents with depression: The role of emotion regulation, cognitive style, parenting and life events. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2020; 51:294-309.
26. Lawrence PJ, Murayama K, Creswell C. Systematic review and meta-analysis: Anxiety and depressive disorders in offspring of parents with anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2019;58:46-60.
27. Sotsi S, Broekman BFP, Sim LW, et al. Maternal Anxiety, Parenting Stress, and Preschoolers' Behavior Problems: The Role of Child Self-Regulation. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2019;40(9):696-705.
28. Garcia AM, Medina D, Sibley MH. Conflict between Parents and Adolescents with ADHD: Situational Triggers and the Role of Comorbidity. J Child Fam Stud. 2019;28, 3338–3345.
29. Scot S. Oppositional-defiant and conduct disorders. İçinde: Thapar A, Pine D, Leckman JF, Scott S, Snowling MJ, Taylor EA, ed. Rutter’s Child Adolescent Psychiatry. 6. Baskı Oxford: John Wiley & Sons; 2015:913-930.
30. Faedda GL, Baldessarini RJ, Marangoni C, et al. An International Society of Bipolar Disorders task force report: Precursors and prodromes of bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2019;21(8):720-740. doi: 10.1111/bdi.12831.
31. Hernandez M, Marangoni C, Grant MC, Estrada J, Faedda GL. Parental Reports of Prodromal Psychopathology in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2017;15(3):380-385.
32. de la Vega D, Piña A, Peralta FJ, et al. A Review on the General Stability of Mood Disorder Diagnoses Along the Lifetime. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2018:20, 29.
33. Baweja R, Mayes SD, Hameed U, Waxmonsky JG. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: current insights. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;24;12:2115-24.
34. Lochman JE, Evans SC, Burke JD, et al. An empirically based alternative to DSM-5's Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder for ICD-11. World Psychiatry. 2015;14:30–33. doi: 10.1002/wps.20176
35. Mayes SD, Waxmonsky JD, Calhoun SL, Bixler EO. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder symptoms and associations with oppositional defiant and other disorders in a general population child sample. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2016; 26:101–106.
36. Tufan E, Topal Z, Demir N, et al. Sociodemographic and clinical features of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: A chart review. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2016;26:94-100.

There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Health Care Administration
Journal Section	Articles
Authors	Seda Bozduman This is me 0000-0003-0419-3252 Gülen Güler Aksu 0000-0001-9555-3916 Fevziye Toros 0000-0001-5402-9157
Publication Date	August 25, 2021
Submission Date	December 14, 2020
Acceptance Date	April 27, 2021
Published in Issue	Year 2021 Volume: 14 Issue: 2

Cite

APA	Bozduman, S., Güler Aksu, G., & Toros, F. (2021). Depresyon ve anksiyete bozukluğu olan ebeveynlerin çocuklarında görülen ruhsal bozukluklar. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(2), 242-252. https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.840865
AMA	Bozduman S, Güler Aksu G, Toros F. Depresyon ve anksiyete bozukluğu olan ebeveynlerin çocuklarında görülen ruhsal bozukluklar. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg. August 2021;14(2):242-252. doi:10.26559/mersinsbd.840865
Chicago	Bozduman, Seda, Gülen Güler Aksu, and Fevziye Toros. “Depresyon Ve Anksiyete bozukluğu Olan Ebeveynlerin çocuklarında görülen Ruhsal Bozukluklar”. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 14, no. 2 (August 2021): 242-52. https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.840865.
EndNote	Bozduman S, Güler Aksu G, Toros F (August 1, 2021) Depresyon ve anksiyete bozukluğu olan ebeveynlerin çocuklarında görülen ruhsal bozukluklar. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 14 2 242–252.
IEEE	S. Bozduman, G. Güler Aksu, and F. Toros, “Depresyon ve anksiyete bozukluğu olan ebeveynlerin çocuklarında görülen ruhsal bozukluklar”, Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 242–252, 2021, doi: 10.26559/mersinsbd.840865.
ISNAD	Bozduman, Seda et al. “Depresyon Ve Anksiyete bozukluğu Olan Ebeveynlerin çocuklarında görülen Ruhsal Bozukluklar”. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 14/2 (August 2021), 242-252. https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.840865.
JAMA	Bozduman S, Güler Aksu G, Toros F. Depresyon ve anksiyete bozukluğu olan ebeveynlerin çocuklarında görülen ruhsal bozukluklar. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg. 2021;14:242–252.
MLA	Bozduman, Seda et al. “Depresyon Ve Anksiyete bozukluğu Olan Ebeveynlerin çocuklarında görülen Ruhsal Bozukluklar”. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 2, 2021, pp. 242-5, doi:10.26559/mersinsbd.840865.
Vancouver	Bozduman S, Güler Aksu G, Toros F. Depresyon ve anksiyete bozukluğu olan ebeveynlerin çocuklarında görülen ruhsal bozukluklar. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg. 2021;14(2):242-5.

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