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BAŞARISIZ BAŞBAKAN: ANTHONY EDEN'İN SÜVEYŞ POLİTİKASININ ANALİZİ

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 253 - 271, 25.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1416271

Abstract

Birleşik Krallık’ta üç ayrı dönemde dışişleri bakanlığı yapan, 1955-1957 yıllarında ise başbakanlık görevinde bulunmuş olan Anthony Eden, sahip olduğu dil yetenekleri, bilgi birikimi ve diplomatik tecrübesiyle Britanya’da ön plana çıkan bir siyasi figür olmuştur. Buna rağmen Eden, Britanya toplumunun zihninde halen “başarısız başbakan” olarak anılmaya devam etmektedir. Bunda Eden’in 1956’da Fransa ile Süveyş Kanalı’nı ele geçirmek için gerçekleştirdiği askeri müdahalede yaşanan başarısızlık temel bir yere sahiptir. Eden’in Süveyş politikası, ülkesinin özellikle İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında azalan gücünü ortaya çıkararak, Birleşik Krallık’ın küresel aktörlük iddiasından uzaklaştığını göstermesi ve dekolonizasyon sürecini hızlandırması bakımından önemlidir. Eden’in başarısızlıkla anılan başbakanlık dönemini Süveyş Krizi’ne odaklanarak analize tabi tutmayı amaçlayan bu makalede, aynı zamanda siyasette aktif olarak yer aldığı dönemde dış politika konularında baskın bir lider olan Eden’in hayatı, kariyeri, düşünce yapısı, kişilik özellikleri ve sağlık durumu incelenerek, bunların Süveyş Krizi ile Silahşor Operasyonu özelinde karar alma sürecine yaptığı olumsuz etki çok yönlü olarak yorumlanmıştır.

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FAILED PRIME MINISTER: ANALYSIS ON ANTHONY EDEN'S SUEZ POLICY

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 253 - 271, 25.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1416271

Abstract

Anthony Eden, who served as minister of foreign affairs in the United Kingdom (UK) for three separate periods and as prime minister between 1955 and 1957, became a prominent political figure in Britain with his language skills, knowledge, and diplomatic experience. Despite this, Eden is still remembered as a "failed prime minister" in the minds of British society. The failure of Eden's military intervention with France to capture Suez in 1956 has a fundamental place in this. Eden's Suez policy revealed his country's declining power. Thus, the Suez Crisis is important in terms of showing that the UK is moving away from its claim to be a global actor and accelerating the decolonization process of Britain. This article aims to analyze Eden's unsuccessful prime ministerial period in the context of the Suez Crisis. In this article also the life, career, mindset, personality traits, and health condition of Eden, who was a dominant leader in foreign policy issues, were examined and their negative impact on the Suez Crisis and Operation Musketeer was interpreted in many ways.

References

  • Adams, R. J. Q. (1993). British politics and foreign policy in the age of appeasement, 1935-39. The Macmillan Press.
  • Adamthwaite, A. (1989). Suez revisited, Michael Dockrill, John W. Young (ed), British foreign policy, 1945-56. Palgrave Macmillan, 225- 245.
  • Adamthwaite, A. (1988). Suez revisited. International Affairs, 64(3), 449-464.
  • Adebajo, A. (2011). UN peacekeeping in Africa: from the Suez crisis to the Sudan conflicts. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Akbulut, U. (2016). Hindistan yolu ve İngilizler Fırat Nehrinde ilk İngiliz vapurları, Konya: Çizgi Kitabevi Yayınları.
  • Aldrich, W. W. (1967). The Suez crisis a footnote to history. Foreign Affairs. 45(3), 541-552.
  • Armaoğlu, F. (2017). 20. yüzyıl siyasi tarihi 1914-1995, İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları.
  • Ashton, N. (2022). False prophets : British leaders’ fateful fascination with the Middle East from Suez to Syria. Atlantic Books.
  • Bartlett, C. J. (1989). British foreign policy in the twentieth century. Macmillan Education.
  • Bass, W. (2015). The Suez War, 1956. in a surprise out of zion?: case studies in Israel’s decisions on whether to alert the United States to preemptive and preventive strikes, from Suez to the Syrian nuclear reactor. RAND Corporation, 5–14.
  • Beck, P. J. (2006). Using history, making British policy: the treasury and the foreign office, 1950-76. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Beck, P. J. (2009). 'The less said about Suez the better': British governments and the politics of Suez's history, 1956-67. The English Historical Review, 124(508), 605-640.
  • Benson, T. (2006). Suez 1956, History Today, 56(11), 46-47.
  • Black, J. (2017). Kısa İngiltere tarihi, Ekin Duru (çev), İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • Boyle, P. G. (ed.). (2005). The Eden–Eisenhower correspondence, 1955–1957, The University of North Carolina Press.
  • Braun, L. F. (2003). Suez reconsidered: Anthony Eden's orientalism and the Suez Crisis. The Historian, 65(3), 535-561.
  • Charlwood, D. (2019). Suez crisis 1956: end of empire and the reshaping of the Middle East. Pen & Sword Military.
  • Charlwood, D. (2020). Churchill and Eden: Partners Through War and Peace. Pen & Sword History.
  • Clements, B. (2019). British public opinion on foreign and defence policy 1945–2017. Routledge.
  • Dawisha, K. (1979). Soviet foreign policy towards Egypt, The Macmillan Press.
  • Eden A. (1956, November 3). The Israel-Egypt Conflict What The Government Has Done and why it has done it, Vital Speeches of the Day. 23(3), 72-73.
  • Eden, A. (1951, August 6). The interdependence of nations we have a joint endeavor. Vital Speeches of the Day, 17(22), 674-677.
  • Eden, A. (1956, August 27). Message from Anthony Eden to Dwight D. Eisenhower on the Suez crisis. https://www.cvce.eu/en/obj/message_from_anthony_eden_to_dwight_d_eisenhower_on_the_suez_crisis_london_27_august_1956-en-093b1a3d-7ce5-48f6-bfa1-c2ac91aac010.html (20.10.2023)
  • Eden, A. (1956, September 12). The Suez Canal. Vital Speeches of the Day. 22(24), 743-747.
  • Eden, A. (1966). The burden of leadership. Foreign Affairs, 44(2), 229-238.
  • Eden, A. (1943, March 26). Unilateral infraction of treaties must end international authority must have sufficient strength. Vital Speeches of the Day. 9(13), 391-394.
  • Eden, A. (1954, October 7). Principles of British Foreign Policy “to preserve our way of life and to live in peace”. Vital Speeches of the Day. 21(3), 834-836.
  • Efegil, E. (2018). Dış politika analizi: ders notları, İstanbul: Gündoğan Yayınları.
  • Efegil, E., Öztop, F. A., Kalaycı, R. (2020). Dış politika analizi üzerine okumalar, İstanbul: Gündoğan Yayınları.
  • Eisenhower, D. (1956, September 8). Draft Message From President Eisenhower to Prime Minister Eden. https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1955-57v16/d190 (21.10.2023)
  • Erkul, S. (2017). Çatışma ve değişim ekseninde, Mısır’da demokrasi deneyiminin statüko ile mücadelesi: 2013 askeri darbesi ve darbenin Türk yazılı basınındaki temsili. (İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi).
  • Feis, H. (1965). Anthony Eden and the cacophony of nations. Foreign Affairs. 44(1), 78-89.
  • Ferguson, N. (2015). İmparatorluk Britanya’nın modern dünyayı biçimlendirişi. Nurettin Elhüseyni (çev), İstanbul: YKY Yayınları.
  • Francis, M. (2002). Tears, tantrums, and bared teeth: the emotional economy of three conservative prime ministers, 1951–1963. Journal of British Studies, 41(3), 354-387.
  • Garnett, M., Mabon, S., Smith, R. (2018). British foreign policy since 1945. New York: Routledge.
  • Gaskarth, J. (2013). British foreign policy. Polity Press.
  • Goldstein, J. S., Pevehouse, J. C. (2017). Uluslararası ilişkiler, Haluk Özdemir (çev), Ankara: BB101 Yayınları. Griffiths, M., Roach, S. C., Salamon, M. S. (2011). Uluslararası ilişkilerde temel düşünürler ve teoriler, CESRAN (çev), Ankara: Nobel.
  • Grovogui, Ş. N. (2016). Postkolonyalizm, Tim Dunne, Milja Kurki, Steve Smith (ed), Uluslararası ilişkiler teorileri disiplin ve çeşitlilik, Özge Kelekçi (çev), Sakarya: Sakarya Üniversitesi Kültür Yayınları.
  • Herr Hitler’s Speech of February 20. (1938). Bulletin of International News, 15(5), 23–27.
  • İşyar, Ö. G. (2013). Karşılaştırmalı dış politikalar: yöntemler, modeller, örnekler ve karşılaştırmalı Türk dış politikası, Bursa: Dora.
  • James, R. R. (1986). Anthony Eden and the Suez crisis. History Today, 36(11), 8-15.
  • James, R. R. (1990). Eden. Selwyn Ilan Troen, Moshe Shemesh (ed), The Suez-Sinai crisis, 1956: retrospective and reappraisal, Frank Cass, 77-83.
  • Jervis, R. (2017). Yanlış algı üzerine varsayımlar. Ö. S. Sarı (çev). Uluslararası ilişkilerde anahtar metinler, (E. Diri Yayına Hazırlayan), İstanbul: Der Yayınları. 265-290.
  • Johnson, A. C. (1938). Anthony Eden a biography. London: Robert Hale Limited.
  • Kastner, J., Nickles, D. (2018). The problem of Nasser. Philip Zelikow, Ernest R. May (ed), Suez Deconstructed: An Interactive Study in Crisis, War, and Peacemaking, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 70-86.
  • Kearney, H. (2015). Britanya adaları tarihi dört ulusun tarihi: İngiltere, İskoçya, İrlanda ve Galler. Özgür Umut Hoşafçı (Çev), İstanbul: İnkilap Yayınevi.
  • Kelly, A. (2018). ANZUS and the early Cold War: strategy and diplomacy between Australia, New Zealand and the United States, 1945-1956. Open Book Publishers.
  • Kıllıoğlu, M. E. (2021). 1956 Süveyş krizi ve Ortadoğu’ya etkisi. Vakanüvis-Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 726-757.
  • Kissinger, H. A. (2017). Yerel yapı ve dış politika. E. Diri (çev.). Uluslararası ilişkilerde anahtar metinler, (E. Diri Yayına Hazırlayan), İstanbul: Der Yayınları. 121-142.
  • Kunz, D. B. (1991). The economic diplomacy of the Suez crisis. The University of North Carolina Press.
  • Lennox, V. G. (1938). Anthony Eden. Foreign Affairs, 16(4), 691–703.
  • Levy, J. S. (2017). Yanlış Algılama ve savaşın nedenleri: kuramsal bağlantılar ve analitik sorunlar. E. Erşen (çev), Uluslararası ilişkilerde anahtar metinler, (E. Diri Yayına Hazırlayan), İstanbul: Der Yayınları, 292-315.
  • Mahmood, K. (1962). British public opinion and Suez. Pakistan Horizon, 15(3), 204–220.
  • McNamara, R. (2005). Britain, Nasser and the balance of power in the Middle East, 1952–1967: From the Egyptian Revolution to the Six Day War. Frans Cass.
  • Mills, W. C. (1993). The Nyon conference: Neville Chamberlain, Anthony Eden, and the appeasement of Italy in 1937. The International History Review, 15(1), 1–22.
  • Özkurt, F. Z. (2021). Süveyş krizi. Barış Özdal, R. Kutay Karaca, (ed), Diplomasi tarihi II, Bursa: Dora, 381-386.
  • Pearson, J. (2003). Sir Anthony Eden and the Suez crisis: reluctant gamble. Palgrave Macmillan.
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There are 92 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Politics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İbrahim Çağrı Erkul 0000-0003-4501-4302

Early Pub Date March 20, 2024
Publication Date March 25, 2024
Submission Date January 8, 2024
Acceptance Date February 15, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 14 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Erkul, İ. Ç. (2024). BAŞARISIZ BAŞBAKAN: ANTHONY EDEN’İN SÜVEYŞ POLİTİKASININ ANALİZİ. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 14(1), 253-271. https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1416271