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EXAMINATION OF MENTAL TOUGHNESS SITUATIONS OF ATHLETES INTERESTED IN TEAM AND INDIVIDUAL SPORTS

Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 55 - 64, 27.10.2018

Abstract

This study conducted to determine the perception of
athletes interested in team and individual sports related to mental toughness
situations. In the study cross-sectional method used. The study sample
consisted of 155 individual or team sport participants from Rize province. In
the study in order to determine the mental toughness perceptions of the participants
the Turkish version of Madrigal, Hamill and Gill (2013)’s Mental Toughness
Scale used. The scale adapted into Turkish by Erdoğan in 2016. The scale is a
self-report scale with 11 items anchored with 5 Likert type scale. To analyze
the data first Kolmogorow-Smirnow used in order to determine the distribution
of the data and then Mann Whitney U and Kruskall-Walliss tests used. According
to analyze results no significant differences found on the variable mental
toughness according to gender, age, sports age. Besides, although the mean rank
scores of the participants’ differed it was not considerable. As a result this
paper showed that mental toughness of the athletes from different individual
and team sports was similar in terms of gender, age and sport age. In this
context, the mental training to be carried out in the direction of improving
the physical and tactical training of different sports branches can be planned
and implemented parallel with the results of this paper.

References

  • Buhrow, Courtney; Digmann, Jacob; and Waldron, Jennifer J. (2017) "The Relationship between Sports Specialization and Mental Toughness," International Journal of Exercise Science: Vol. 10 : Iss. 1, Pages 44 - 52.
  • Connaughton, D., Wadey, R., Hanton, S., & Jones, G. (2008). “The development and maintenance of mental toughness: Perceptions of elite performers. Journal of Sport Sciences” Vol: 26, 83–95.
  • Crust, L. & Clough, P. J. (2011). Developing mental toughness: from research to practice. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2, 21-32.
  • Crust, L., Swann, C. (2011). Comparing two measures of mental toughness. Personality and Individual Differences, 50: 217-221.
  • Erdoğan, N. (2016). Zihinsel Dayanıklılık Ölçeği (ZDÖ): Türkçe'ye Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport (IntJSCS), 4(4), 652-664.
  • Gerber, M., Kalak, N., Lemola, S., Clough, P. J., Pühse, U., Elliot, C., & Brand, S. (2012). Adolescents' exercise and physical activity are associated with mental toughness. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 5(1), 35-42.
  • Gould, D., Hodge, K., Peterson, K., & Petlichkoff, L. (1987). Psychological foundations of coaching: Similarities and differences among intercollegiate wrestling coaches. The Sport Psychologist, 1, 293–308.
  • Guccıardı, D. F. (2010). Mental toughness profiles and their relations with achievement goals and sport motivation in adolescent Australian footballers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(6): 615-625.
  • Gucciardi DF, Hanton S, Gordon S, et al. (2015). The concept of mental toughness: tests of dimensionality, nomological network, and traitness. J Pers; 83(1):26-44. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12079]
  • Holland, M. J., Woodcock, C., Cumming, J., & Duda, J. L. (2010). Mental qualities and employed mental techniques of young elite team sport athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 4, 19-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.4.1.19.
  • Jones G, Hanton, S, Connaughton D. (2007). A framework of mental toughness in the world’s best performers. Sport Psychol;21(2):243-264. doi:10.1123/tsp.21.2.243.
  • Jones, G., Hanton, S., Connaughton, D. (2002). “What is this thing called mental toughness? An investigation of elite sport performers.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, Vol: 14, 205-218.
  • Kalkavan, A., Acet, M., Çakır, G. (2017). Investigation of the Mental Endurance Levels of the Athletes Participating in the Table Tennis Championship of Universities in Turkey. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport, 5(4), 356-363.
  • Loehr, J. E. (1982). “Athletic excellence: Mental toughness training for sports” New York: Plume.
  • Madrigal, L., Hamill, S., Gill, D. L. (2013). Mind over matter: The development of the Mental Toughness Scale (MTS). The Sport Psychologist, 27(1), 62-77.
  • Newland A, Newton M, Finch L, Harbke RC, Podlog L. Moderating variables in the relationship between mental toughness and performance in basketball. J Sport Health Sci 2:184-192, 2013.
  • Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C., Levy, A. R., Backhouse, S. H. (2009). Mental toughness in sport: Achievement level, gender, age, experience, and sport type differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(1), 73-75.
  • Pehlivan H. (2014). Sporda Mental Dayanıklılık Ölçeği Uyarlama: Geçerlik Ve Güvenirlik Çalışması, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Ensitüsü Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Manisa.
  • Sheard M. Mental toughness: The mindset behind sporting achievement. New York. Routledge, 2010.
  • Shin, D. S., Lee, K. H. (1994). “A comparative study of mental toughness between elite and non-elite female athletes.” Korean Journal of Sport Science, 6, 85–102.
  • Sorensen, S., Jarden, A., Schofield, G. (2016). Lay perceptions of mental toughness: Understanding conceptual similarities and differences between lay and sporting contexts. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 71-95. doi:10.5502/ijw.v6i3.551.
  • Thelwell, R., Weston, N., Greenlees, I. (2005). “Defining and understanding mental toughness within soccer.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17, 326–332.
  • Weinberg, R. S. and Gould, D. (2015). Introduction to psychological skills training. Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology (s. 247-271). Champaign: Human Kinetics.
  • Weinberg, R., Butt, J., & Culp, B. (2011). Coaches’ views of mental toughness and how it is built. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 9, 156–172 10.1080/1612197x.2011.567106. doi:10.1080/16121 97X.2011.567106.

TAKIM VE BİREYSEL SPORLAR İLE İLGİLENEN SPORCULARIN ZİHİNSEL DAYANIKLILIK DURUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ

Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 55 - 64, 27.10.2018

Abstract

Bu
araştırma, takım ve bireysel spor dallarıyla ilgilenen sporcuların, zihinsel
dayanıklılık durumlarıyla ilgili algılarını belirleyebilmek amacıyla
yapılmıştır.
Tarama yöntemlerinden genel tarama modeli kullanılarak yapılan araştırmaya Rize
il merkezinde takım ve bireysel spor dallarıyla ilgilenen 155 sporcu gönüllü
olarak katılmıştır.
Araştırmada katılımcıların zihinsel dayanıklılık durumunun tespiti için
Madrigal, Hamill ve Gill (2013) ‘in oluşturduğu ve Erdoğan tarafından (2016),
Türkçeye uyarlanan “Zihinsel Dayanıklılık Ölçeği (ZDÖ)” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya
katılan sporcuların demografik değişkenlere bağlı olarak ölçek maddelerine
verdikleri cevaplar
SPSS 20 programı
kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmada verilerin
çözümlenmesinde verilerin dağılımı Kolmogorov Smirnov testi ile test edilmiş, sonrasında
ise c
insiyet
değişkenine göre
Mann-Whitney U, yaş ve spor yapma yılı
değişkenlerine göre ise Krusukal-Wallis H testi
kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre bireysel spor veya takım sporları ile ilgilenen
sporcuların zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeylerinin cinsiyet, yaş ve spor yapma
yılına göre istatistiki açıdan anlamlı bir farklılık oluşturmadığı
saptanmıştır.  Örneklemdeki
katılımcıların z
ihinsel
dayanıklılık durumlarının
sıra ortalama
puanlarının farklılaşan oranlarda olduğu, buna karşın puanların aralarında çok
fazla farklılıkların olmadığı belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç olarak bu araştırmada zihinsel dayanıklılığın cinsiyet, yaş ve spor yapma
süre değişkenleri açısından birbirine benzer puanlarda gelişim gösterdiği
görülmektedir.
Sonuç olarak farklı spor dallarında fiziki ve taktik antrenmanlara destek
olacak şekilde yapılan mental antrenmanlar mevcut araştırma sonuçlarıyla
paralel bir şekilde

planlanıp uygulanabilir
.

References

  • Buhrow, Courtney; Digmann, Jacob; and Waldron, Jennifer J. (2017) "The Relationship between Sports Specialization and Mental Toughness," International Journal of Exercise Science: Vol. 10 : Iss. 1, Pages 44 - 52.
  • Connaughton, D., Wadey, R., Hanton, S., & Jones, G. (2008). “The development and maintenance of mental toughness: Perceptions of elite performers. Journal of Sport Sciences” Vol: 26, 83–95.
  • Crust, L. & Clough, P. J. (2011). Developing mental toughness: from research to practice. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2, 21-32.
  • Crust, L., Swann, C. (2011). Comparing two measures of mental toughness. Personality and Individual Differences, 50: 217-221.
  • Erdoğan, N. (2016). Zihinsel Dayanıklılık Ölçeği (ZDÖ): Türkçe'ye Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport (IntJSCS), 4(4), 652-664.
  • Gerber, M., Kalak, N., Lemola, S., Clough, P. J., Pühse, U., Elliot, C., & Brand, S. (2012). Adolescents' exercise and physical activity are associated with mental toughness. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 5(1), 35-42.
  • Gould, D., Hodge, K., Peterson, K., & Petlichkoff, L. (1987). Psychological foundations of coaching: Similarities and differences among intercollegiate wrestling coaches. The Sport Psychologist, 1, 293–308.
  • Guccıardı, D. F. (2010). Mental toughness profiles and their relations with achievement goals and sport motivation in adolescent Australian footballers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(6): 615-625.
  • Gucciardi DF, Hanton S, Gordon S, et al. (2015). The concept of mental toughness: tests of dimensionality, nomological network, and traitness. J Pers; 83(1):26-44. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12079]
  • Holland, M. J., Woodcock, C., Cumming, J., & Duda, J. L. (2010). Mental qualities and employed mental techniques of young elite team sport athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 4, 19-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.4.1.19.
  • Jones G, Hanton, S, Connaughton D. (2007). A framework of mental toughness in the world’s best performers. Sport Psychol;21(2):243-264. doi:10.1123/tsp.21.2.243.
  • Jones, G., Hanton, S., Connaughton, D. (2002). “What is this thing called mental toughness? An investigation of elite sport performers.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, Vol: 14, 205-218.
  • Kalkavan, A., Acet, M., Çakır, G. (2017). Investigation of the Mental Endurance Levels of the Athletes Participating in the Table Tennis Championship of Universities in Turkey. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport, 5(4), 356-363.
  • Loehr, J. E. (1982). “Athletic excellence: Mental toughness training for sports” New York: Plume.
  • Madrigal, L., Hamill, S., Gill, D. L. (2013). Mind over matter: The development of the Mental Toughness Scale (MTS). The Sport Psychologist, 27(1), 62-77.
  • Newland A, Newton M, Finch L, Harbke RC, Podlog L. Moderating variables in the relationship between mental toughness and performance in basketball. J Sport Health Sci 2:184-192, 2013.
  • Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C., Levy, A. R., Backhouse, S. H. (2009). Mental toughness in sport: Achievement level, gender, age, experience, and sport type differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(1), 73-75.
  • Pehlivan H. (2014). Sporda Mental Dayanıklılık Ölçeği Uyarlama: Geçerlik Ve Güvenirlik Çalışması, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Ensitüsü Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Manisa.
  • Sheard M. Mental toughness: The mindset behind sporting achievement. New York. Routledge, 2010.
  • Shin, D. S., Lee, K. H. (1994). “A comparative study of mental toughness between elite and non-elite female athletes.” Korean Journal of Sport Science, 6, 85–102.
  • Sorensen, S., Jarden, A., Schofield, G. (2016). Lay perceptions of mental toughness: Understanding conceptual similarities and differences between lay and sporting contexts. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 71-95. doi:10.5502/ijw.v6i3.551.
  • Thelwell, R., Weston, N., Greenlees, I. (2005). “Defining and understanding mental toughness within soccer.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17, 326–332.
  • Weinberg, R. S. and Gould, D. (2015). Introduction to psychological skills training. Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology (s. 247-271). Champaign: Human Kinetics.
  • Weinberg, R., Butt, J., & Culp, B. (2011). Coaches’ views of mental toughness and how it is built. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 9, 156–172 10.1080/1612197x.2011.567106. doi:10.1080/16121 97X.2011.567106.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Psychosocial Areas in Sports
Authors

Recep Fatih Kayhan

Serkan Hacıcaferoğlu This is me

Hayri Aydoğan

İbrahim Erdemir This is me

Publication Date October 27, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kayhan, R. F., Hacıcaferoğlu, S., Aydoğan, H., Erdemir, İ. (2018). TAKIM VE BİREYSEL SPORLAR İLE İLGİLENEN SPORCULARIN ZİHİNSEL DAYANIKLILIK DURUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ. Sportif Bakış: Spor Ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 55-64.
AMA Kayhan RF, Hacıcaferoğlu S, Aydoğan H, Erdemir İ. TAKIM VE BİREYSEL SPORLAR İLE İLGİLENEN SPORCULARIN ZİHİNSEL DAYANIKLILIK DURUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ. Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi. October 2018;5(2):55-64.
Chicago Kayhan, Recep Fatih, Serkan Hacıcaferoğlu, Hayri Aydoğan, and İbrahim Erdemir. “TAKIM VE BİREYSEL SPORLAR İLE İLGİLENEN SPORCULARIN ZİHİNSEL DAYANIKLILIK DURUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ”. Sportif Bakış: Spor Ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi 5, no. 2 (October 2018): 55-64.
EndNote Kayhan RF, Hacıcaferoğlu S, Aydoğan H, Erdemir İ (October 1, 2018) TAKIM VE BİREYSEL SPORLAR İLE İLGİLENEN SPORCULARIN ZİHİNSEL DAYANIKLILIK DURUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ. Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi 5 2 55–64.
IEEE R. F. Kayhan, S. Hacıcaferoğlu, H. Aydoğan, and İ. Erdemir, “TAKIM VE BİREYSEL SPORLAR İLE İLGİLENEN SPORCULARIN ZİHİNSEL DAYANIKLILIK DURUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ”, Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 55–64, 2018.
ISNAD Kayhan, Recep Fatih et al. “TAKIM VE BİREYSEL SPORLAR İLE İLGİLENEN SPORCULARIN ZİHİNSEL DAYANIKLILIK DURUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ”. Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi 5/2 (October 2018), 55-64.
JAMA Kayhan RF, Hacıcaferoğlu S, Aydoğan H, Erdemir İ. TAKIM VE BİREYSEL SPORLAR İLE İLGİLENEN SPORCULARIN ZİHİNSEL DAYANIKLILIK DURUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ. Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;5:55–64.
MLA Kayhan, Recep Fatih et al. “TAKIM VE BİREYSEL SPORLAR İLE İLGİLENEN SPORCULARIN ZİHİNSEL DAYANIKLILIK DURUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ”. Sportif Bakış: Spor Ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 2, 2018, pp. 55-64.
Vancouver Kayhan RF, Hacıcaferoğlu S, Aydoğan H, Erdemir İ. TAKIM VE BİREYSEL SPORLAR İLE İLGİLENEN SPORCULARIN ZİHİNSEL DAYANIKLILIK DURUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ. Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;5(2):55-64.