Conference Paper
BibTex RIS Cite

PAZAR BÖLÜMLENDİRME ARACI OLARAK TUTUM VE NİYETİN BİR ARADA KULLANIMI: SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR TURİZM ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA

Year 2015, Issue: 1, 31 - 53, 25.11.2015

Abstract

Tutum ve niyet, tüketici davranışları literatüründe davranışın iki temel göstergesi olarak kullanılan kavramlardır. Bu iki kavram, turist davranışının öngörülebilmesi ve firmaların varolan kaynaklarını doğru hedef pazarlara yönelterek verimli bir şekilde kullanmaları adına pazar bölümlendirme sürecinde de stratejik öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tutum ve niyetlerin bir arada pazar bölümlendirme kriteri olarak kullanımına ilişkin bir uygulama örneği sunmaktır. Bu çerçevede çalışmada, Kapadokya bölgesine gelen ziyaretçilerin sürdürülebilir turizme ilişkin tutumlarına ve tekrar ziyaret etme niyetlerine göre pazar bölümlerine ayrılarak, belirlenen pazar bölümleri ve özellikleri çerçevesinde yöneticilere önerilerde bulunulmaktır. Gerekli birincil veri, 416 Japonya ve Güney Koreli ziyaretçiden anket yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Uygulanan iki aşamalı ve k-ortalamalar kümeleme analizi sonucunda oluşan kümeler, kendi içlerinde homojen gruplar olarak elde edilmiştir. Ardından, ANOVA analizi ile, elde edilen bölümler arasında heterojenliğin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları incelendiğinde, tüm paydaşlar için Kapadokya bölgesinin sürdürülebilir turizmin tüm boyutlarına ve aynı zamanda tekrar ziyaret etme niyetine büyük oranda önem veren bir ziyaretçi hedef pazarı tespit edilmiştir. 

References

  • • AJZEN, I., (1991), The Theory of Planned Behaviour, Organization Behaviour and Human Decision Process, 50, 179-211.
  • • AJZEN, I., (2001), Nature and Operation of Attitudes, Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 27-58.
  • • AJZEN, I. ve B. L. DRIVER, (1992), Contingent value measurement: On the nature and meaning of willingness-to-pay, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 1, 297-316.
  • • AJZEN, I. ve M. FISHBEIN, (1980), Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • • AJZEN I. ve T. J. MADDEN, (1986), Prediction of Goal-Directed Behavior: Attitudes, Intentions and Perceived Behavioral Control, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22, 453-474.
  • • ANABLE, J., (2005), ‘Complacent car addicts’ or ‘aspiring environmentalists’? Identifying travel behaviour segments using attitude theory, Transport Policy 12 (1), 65-78.
  • • ARNOULD, E. J., L. L. PRICE ve G. M. ZINKHAN, (2002), Consumers, McGraw-Hill, Boston.
  • • BECKEN, S., (2007), Tourists perceptions of international air travel’s impact on the global climate and potential climate change policies, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15 (4), 351–368.
  • • BUTLER, R., (1991), Tourism, Environment, and Sustainable Development, Environmental Conservation 18 (3):201–209.
  • • CHOI, H. ve I. MURRAY, (2010), Resident attitudes toward sustainable community tourism, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18: 4, 575-594.
  • • CHOI, H. ve E. SİRAKAYA, (2005), Measuring Residents' Attitude toward Sustainable Tourism: Development of Sustainable Tourism Attitude Scale, Journal of Travel Research, 43: 380.
  • • CLARKE, J., (1997), A Framework of Approaches to Sustainable Tourism, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 5:224–233.
  • • COHEN, S., G. PRAYAG, ve M. MOITAL, (2013), Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities, Current Issues in Tourism.
  • • DAUD, N. ve S. A. RAHMAN, (2011), Tourist Attitudes Towards Sustainable Tourism: Empirical Evidence From Malaysian National Park, Taman Negara, 2010 International Conference on E-business, Management and Economics IPEDR, 3, IACSIT Press, Hong Kong.
  • • DAVIS, F. D., R. P. BAGOZZI ve P. R. WARSHAW, (1989), User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models, Management Science 35: 982–1003.
  • • DE MAREZ, L., P. VYNCKE, K. BERTE, D. SCHUURMAN ve K. DE MOOR, (2007), Adopter segments, adoption determinants and mobile marketing, Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 16 (1), 78-95.
  • • DIPIETRO, R. B. ve S. GREGORY, (2013), A Comparative Study of Customer Perceptions Regarding Green Restaurant Practices: Fast Food vs. Upscale Casual, Hospitality Review. 30, 1.
  • • DODDS, R., S. R. GRACI ve M. HOLMES, (2010), Does the tourist care? A comparison of tourists in Koh Phi Phi, Thailand and Gili Trawangan, Indonesia, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18: 2, 207-222.
  • • DOLNICAR, S., (2002), A review of data-driven market segmentation in tourism, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 12 (1), 1-22.
  • • GODFREY, K. B., (1998), Attitudes Towards 'Sustainable Tourism' in the UK, A View From Local Government Tourism Management, 19, 3, 213-224.
  • • GOODLAND, R., (1995), The Concept of Enviromental Sustainability, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 26, 1-24.
  • • HAIR, J.F. Jr., R.E. ANDERSON, R.L. TATHAM ve BLACK, W.C., (1998), Multivariate Data Analysis, (5th Edition), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • • HOFSTEDE, G., (2001), Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations, Sage Publications.
  • • İÇÖZ, O., (1996), Turizm işletmelerinde pazarlama: İlkeler ve uygulamalar, Ankara: Anatolia Yayıncılık.
  • • JALILVAND, M. R., N. SAMIEI, B. DINI ve MANZARI, P. Y., (2012), Examining the structural relationships of electronic word of mouth, destination image, tourist attitude toward destination and travel intention: An integrated approach, Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 1, 134–143.
  • • KARAMAN, A., (1996), Sürdürülebilir Turizm Planlaması İçin Ekolojik Bir Çerçeve, Sürdürülebilir Turizm; Turizm Planlamasına Ekolojik Yaklaşım, 19.Dünya Şehircilik Günü Kollokyumu, Mimar Sinan Üniversitesi, İstanbul, 102.
  • • KAU, A. K. ve P. S., LIM, (2005), Clustering of Chinese Tourists to Singapore: An Analysis of Their Motivations, Values and Satisfactionx, International Journal of Tourism Research, 7, 231-248.
  • • KAVAK, B., (2013), Pazarlama ve Pazar Araştırmaları, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • • KAVAK, B. ve L. GÜMÜŞLÜOĞLU, (2007), Segmenting food markets, the role of ethnocentrism and lifestyle in understanding purchasing intentions, International Journal of Market Research, 49, 1.
  • • KLINE, R. B., (1998), Principles and practices of structural equation modeling, New York: Guilford.
  • • KOTLER, P. ve KELLER, K. L. (2009), Marketing Management (13th ed.), Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • • KRAUS, S. J., (1995), Attitudes and the prediction of behavior: A meta-analysis of the empirical literatüre, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 58- 75.
  • • LE´LE´, S., (1991), Sustainable Development: A Critical Review, World Development, 19:607–621.
  • • LI, X., F. MENG, M. UYSAL ve B. MIHALIK, (2013), Understanding China's long-haul outbound travel market: An overlapped segmentation approach, Journal of Business Research, 66, 786-793.
  • • MACHAIRAS, I. ve T. HOVARDAS, (2005), Determining visitors’ dispositions toward the designation of a Greek national park, Environmental Management, 36 (1), 73-88.
  • • MALHOTRA, N., (2009), Marketing Research, An Applied Orientation, Prince Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
  • • MORWITZ, V.G. ve D. SCHMITTLEIN, (1992), Using segmentation to improve sales forecasts based on purchase intention: Which intenders actually buy? Journal of Marketing Research, 29, 391-405.
  • • MUCUK, İ., (2012), Pazarlama İlkeleri, 19. Baskı, Türkmen Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • • NAKİP, M., (2006), Pazarlama Araştırmaları (Teknikler ve SPSS Destekli Uygulamalar), 2. Basım, Seçkin Yayınları.
  • • NICHOLAS, L. ve B. THAPA, (2010), Visitor perspectives on sustainable tourism development in the Pitons Management Area World Heritage Site, St. Lucia Environment, Development and Sustainability, 12, 5, 839-857.
  • • OLSEN, S., N. PREBENSEN ve T. Larsen, (2009), Including ambivalence as a basis for benefit segmentation: A study of convenience food in Norway, European Journal of Marketing, 43 (5/6), 762 – 783.
  • • OPPERMANN, M., (2000), Tourism Destination Loyalty, Journal of Travel Research, 39 (1), 78-84.
  • • ÖZTÜRK, L., (2007), Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma, İmaj Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • • PESONEN, J., (2013), Information and communications technology and market segmentation in tourism: A review, Tourism Review, 68 (2), 14-30.
  • • PIZAM, A. ve G. JEONG, (1996), Cross-cultural tourist behavior, Perceptions of korean tour-guides, Tourism Management, 17, 276-286.
  • • RAYMOND, C. ve G. BROWN, (2007), A spatial method for assessing resident and visitor attitudes towards tourism growth and development, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15 (5), 1–22.
  • • ROUSSEEUW, P., (1987), Silhouettes: A Graphical Aid to the Interpretation and Validation of Cluster Analysis, Computational and Applied Mathematics, 20, 53–65.
  • • RUHANEN, L., (2013), Local government: Facilitator or inhibitor of sustainable tourism development?, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21: 1, 80-98.
  • • SAARINEN, J., (2006), Traditions of Sustainability in Tourism Studies, Annals of Tourism Research, 33 (4), 1121–1140.
  • • SCHIFFMAN, L. G. ve L. L. KANUK, (1994), Consumer behavior (5th ed.), Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • • SCHREIBER, J. B., A. NORA, F. STAGE, E. BARLOW ve J. KING, (2006), Reporting Structural Equation Modeling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Results: A Review, The Journal of Educational Research, 99, 6.
  • • SHARPLEY, R., (2000), Tourism and Sustainable Development: Exploring the Theoretical Divide, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8: 1, 1-19.
  • • SHAW, G. ve A. M. WILLIAMS, (2002), Critical issues in tourism: A geographical perspective, (2nd ed.), Blackwell Publisher, Oxford.
  • • SHIN, W.S. ve R. JAAKSON, (1997), Wilderness quality and visitors’ wilderness attitudes: Management implications, Environmental Management, 21 (2), 225-232.
  • • SWARBROOKE, J., (1999), Sustainable Tourism Management, Oxon: CAB International.
  • • TRAFIMOW, D. ve K.A. FINLAY, (2001), The relationship between normatively versus attitudinally controlled people and normatively versus attitudinally controlled behaviors, Social Science Journal, 38, 203– 217.
  • • TUMA, M.N., R. DECKER ve S. SCHOLZ, (2011), A survey of the challenges and pitfalls of cluster analysis application in market segmentation, International Journal of Market Research, 53 (3): 391–414.
  • • UM, S. ve J. L. CROMPTON, (1990), Attitude determinants in tourism destination choice, Annals of Tourism Research, 17, 432-448.
  • • ÜÇER, N., (2011), Tarihi Dokuların Sürdürülebilirliğinde Turizm Kaynaklı Değişimlerin Etkileri: Kuşadası Dağ ve Camii-Kebir Mahalleleri Örneği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir.
  • • VERPLANKEN, B., H. AARTS, A. VANKNIPPENBERG ve C. VANKNIPPENBERG, (1994), Attitude Versus General Habit-Antecedents of Travel Mode Choice, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24 (4), 285-300.
  • • VINCENT, V. C. ve W. T. THOMPSON, (2002), Assessing community support and sustainability for ecotourism development, Journal of Travel Research, 41, 153–160.
  • • WEAVER, D. B. ve L. J. LAWTON, (2004), Visitor attitudes towards tourism development and product integration in an Australian urban-rural fringe, Journal of Travel Research, 42(3), 286–296.
  • • WEDEL M. ve W.A. KAMAKURA, (2000), Market Segmentation: Conceptual and Methodological Foundations, Norwell, 2nd Edition, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • • WURZINGER, S., (2003), Are Ecotourists Really More ‘Eco’? A Comparison of General Environmental Beliefs, Specific Attitudes, General Ecological Behaviour and Knowledge Between Swedish Ecotourists and Non-ecotourists, Lund University, School of Architecture, Lund.
  • • YAN, J., (2008), Is the Chinese Tourist Ready for Sustainable Tourism(s) Attitudes and Preferences for Sustainable Tourism Services?, Yan, J. “Cultural and attitudinal influences on destination choice: Preferences of Chinese domestic tourists”, Tez Çalışması içinde, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen.
  • • YAN, J., J. BARKMANN, ve R. MARGGRAF, (2008), Sustainable Tourism Development in Southwestern China: Attitude-Intention Gap in Domestic Tourists, Yan, J. “Cultural and attitudinal influences on destination choice: Preferences of Chinese domestic tourists”, Tez Çalışması içinde, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 187-228.

SIMULTANEOUS USAGE OF ATTITUDES AND INTENTIONS AS MARKET SEGMENTATION CRITERIA: AN IMPLICATION ON SUSTAINABLE TOURISM

Year 2015, Issue: 1, 31 - 53, 25.11.2015

Abstract

Attitude and intention are concepts that are used as the two basic indicators of behavior in consumer behavior literature. These concepts have also strategic importance in market segmentation process since it is used as a tool to forecast tourist behavior and to target the right market segment for allocating firm resources productively. The purpose of this study is to make an implication of market segmentation by using attitudes and intentions simultaneously. With this aim, visitors of Cappadocia region are segmented according to their attitudes towards sustainable tourism and revisit intention; and some recommendations to managers in context of defined market segments and features are suggested. Needed primary data was collected from 416 Japanese and South Korean visitors via questionnaire. According to applied two-step and k-means cluster analysis results, homogeneous groups are acquired. After ANOVA analysis, significant differences were found; that means segments are heterogeneous. As a conclusion, for all stakeholders of Cappadocia Region, target market segment is significantly found with respect to all dimensions of sustainable tourism and re-visit intention.

References

  • • AJZEN, I., (1991), The Theory of Planned Behaviour, Organization Behaviour and Human Decision Process, 50, 179-211.
  • • AJZEN, I., (2001), Nature and Operation of Attitudes, Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 27-58.
  • • AJZEN, I. ve B. L. DRIVER, (1992), Contingent value measurement: On the nature and meaning of willingness-to-pay, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 1, 297-316.
  • • AJZEN, I. ve M. FISHBEIN, (1980), Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • • AJZEN I. ve T. J. MADDEN, (1986), Prediction of Goal-Directed Behavior: Attitudes, Intentions and Perceived Behavioral Control, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22, 453-474.
  • • ANABLE, J., (2005), ‘Complacent car addicts’ or ‘aspiring environmentalists’? Identifying travel behaviour segments using attitude theory, Transport Policy 12 (1), 65-78.
  • • ARNOULD, E. J., L. L. PRICE ve G. M. ZINKHAN, (2002), Consumers, McGraw-Hill, Boston.
  • • BECKEN, S., (2007), Tourists perceptions of international air travel’s impact on the global climate and potential climate change policies, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15 (4), 351–368.
  • • BUTLER, R., (1991), Tourism, Environment, and Sustainable Development, Environmental Conservation 18 (3):201–209.
  • • CHOI, H. ve I. MURRAY, (2010), Resident attitudes toward sustainable community tourism, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18: 4, 575-594.
  • • CHOI, H. ve E. SİRAKAYA, (2005), Measuring Residents' Attitude toward Sustainable Tourism: Development of Sustainable Tourism Attitude Scale, Journal of Travel Research, 43: 380.
  • • CLARKE, J., (1997), A Framework of Approaches to Sustainable Tourism, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 5:224–233.
  • • COHEN, S., G. PRAYAG, ve M. MOITAL, (2013), Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities, Current Issues in Tourism.
  • • DAUD, N. ve S. A. RAHMAN, (2011), Tourist Attitudes Towards Sustainable Tourism: Empirical Evidence From Malaysian National Park, Taman Negara, 2010 International Conference on E-business, Management and Economics IPEDR, 3, IACSIT Press, Hong Kong.
  • • DAVIS, F. D., R. P. BAGOZZI ve P. R. WARSHAW, (1989), User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models, Management Science 35: 982–1003.
  • • DE MAREZ, L., P. VYNCKE, K. BERTE, D. SCHUURMAN ve K. DE MOOR, (2007), Adopter segments, adoption determinants and mobile marketing, Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 16 (1), 78-95.
  • • DIPIETRO, R. B. ve S. GREGORY, (2013), A Comparative Study of Customer Perceptions Regarding Green Restaurant Practices: Fast Food vs. Upscale Casual, Hospitality Review. 30, 1.
  • • DODDS, R., S. R. GRACI ve M. HOLMES, (2010), Does the tourist care? A comparison of tourists in Koh Phi Phi, Thailand and Gili Trawangan, Indonesia, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18: 2, 207-222.
  • • DOLNICAR, S., (2002), A review of data-driven market segmentation in tourism, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 12 (1), 1-22.
  • • GODFREY, K. B., (1998), Attitudes Towards 'Sustainable Tourism' in the UK, A View From Local Government Tourism Management, 19, 3, 213-224.
  • • GOODLAND, R., (1995), The Concept of Enviromental Sustainability, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 26, 1-24.
  • • HAIR, J.F. Jr., R.E. ANDERSON, R.L. TATHAM ve BLACK, W.C., (1998), Multivariate Data Analysis, (5th Edition), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • • HOFSTEDE, G., (2001), Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations, Sage Publications.
  • • İÇÖZ, O., (1996), Turizm işletmelerinde pazarlama: İlkeler ve uygulamalar, Ankara: Anatolia Yayıncılık.
  • • JALILVAND, M. R., N. SAMIEI, B. DINI ve MANZARI, P. Y., (2012), Examining the structural relationships of electronic word of mouth, destination image, tourist attitude toward destination and travel intention: An integrated approach, Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 1, 134–143.
  • • KARAMAN, A., (1996), Sürdürülebilir Turizm Planlaması İçin Ekolojik Bir Çerçeve, Sürdürülebilir Turizm; Turizm Planlamasına Ekolojik Yaklaşım, 19.Dünya Şehircilik Günü Kollokyumu, Mimar Sinan Üniversitesi, İstanbul, 102.
  • • KAU, A. K. ve P. S., LIM, (2005), Clustering of Chinese Tourists to Singapore: An Analysis of Their Motivations, Values and Satisfactionx, International Journal of Tourism Research, 7, 231-248.
  • • KAVAK, B., (2013), Pazarlama ve Pazar Araştırmaları, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • • KAVAK, B. ve L. GÜMÜŞLÜOĞLU, (2007), Segmenting food markets, the role of ethnocentrism and lifestyle in understanding purchasing intentions, International Journal of Market Research, 49, 1.
  • • KLINE, R. B., (1998), Principles and practices of structural equation modeling, New York: Guilford.
  • • KOTLER, P. ve KELLER, K. L. (2009), Marketing Management (13th ed.), Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • • KRAUS, S. J., (1995), Attitudes and the prediction of behavior: A meta-analysis of the empirical literatüre, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 58- 75.
  • • LE´LE´, S., (1991), Sustainable Development: A Critical Review, World Development, 19:607–621.
  • • LI, X., F. MENG, M. UYSAL ve B. MIHALIK, (2013), Understanding China's long-haul outbound travel market: An overlapped segmentation approach, Journal of Business Research, 66, 786-793.
  • • MACHAIRAS, I. ve T. HOVARDAS, (2005), Determining visitors’ dispositions toward the designation of a Greek national park, Environmental Management, 36 (1), 73-88.
  • • MALHOTRA, N., (2009), Marketing Research, An Applied Orientation, Prince Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
  • • MORWITZ, V.G. ve D. SCHMITTLEIN, (1992), Using segmentation to improve sales forecasts based on purchase intention: Which intenders actually buy? Journal of Marketing Research, 29, 391-405.
  • • MUCUK, İ., (2012), Pazarlama İlkeleri, 19. Baskı, Türkmen Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • • NAKİP, M., (2006), Pazarlama Araştırmaları (Teknikler ve SPSS Destekli Uygulamalar), 2. Basım, Seçkin Yayınları.
  • • NICHOLAS, L. ve B. THAPA, (2010), Visitor perspectives on sustainable tourism development in the Pitons Management Area World Heritage Site, St. Lucia Environment, Development and Sustainability, 12, 5, 839-857.
  • • OLSEN, S., N. PREBENSEN ve T. Larsen, (2009), Including ambivalence as a basis for benefit segmentation: A study of convenience food in Norway, European Journal of Marketing, 43 (5/6), 762 – 783.
  • • OPPERMANN, M., (2000), Tourism Destination Loyalty, Journal of Travel Research, 39 (1), 78-84.
  • • ÖZTÜRK, L., (2007), Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma, İmaj Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • • PESONEN, J., (2013), Information and communications technology and market segmentation in tourism: A review, Tourism Review, 68 (2), 14-30.
  • • PIZAM, A. ve G. JEONG, (1996), Cross-cultural tourist behavior, Perceptions of korean tour-guides, Tourism Management, 17, 276-286.
  • • RAYMOND, C. ve G. BROWN, (2007), A spatial method for assessing resident and visitor attitudes towards tourism growth and development, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15 (5), 1–22.
  • • ROUSSEEUW, P., (1987), Silhouettes: A Graphical Aid to the Interpretation and Validation of Cluster Analysis, Computational and Applied Mathematics, 20, 53–65.
  • • RUHANEN, L., (2013), Local government: Facilitator or inhibitor of sustainable tourism development?, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21: 1, 80-98.
  • • SAARINEN, J., (2006), Traditions of Sustainability in Tourism Studies, Annals of Tourism Research, 33 (4), 1121–1140.
  • • SCHIFFMAN, L. G. ve L. L. KANUK, (1994), Consumer behavior (5th ed.), Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • • SCHREIBER, J. B., A. NORA, F. STAGE, E. BARLOW ve J. KING, (2006), Reporting Structural Equation Modeling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Results: A Review, The Journal of Educational Research, 99, 6.
  • • SHARPLEY, R., (2000), Tourism and Sustainable Development: Exploring the Theoretical Divide, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8: 1, 1-19.
  • • SHAW, G. ve A. M. WILLIAMS, (2002), Critical issues in tourism: A geographical perspective, (2nd ed.), Blackwell Publisher, Oxford.
  • • SHIN, W.S. ve R. JAAKSON, (1997), Wilderness quality and visitors’ wilderness attitudes: Management implications, Environmental Management, 21 (2), 225-232.
  • • SWARBROOKE, J., (1999), Sustainable Tourism Management, Oxon: CAB International.
  • • TRAFIMOW, D. ve K.A. FINLAY, (2001), The relationship between normatively versus attitudinally controlled people and normatively versus attitudinally controlled behaviors, Social Science Journal, 38, 203– 217.
  • • TUMA, M.N., R. DECKER ve S. SCHOLZ, (2011), A survey of the challenges and pitfalls of cluster analysis application in market segmentation, International Journal of Market Research, 53 (3): 391–414.
  • • UM, S. ve J. L. CROMPTON, (1990), Attitude determinants in tourism destination choice, Annals of Tourism Research, 17, 432-448.
  • • ÜÇER, N., (2011), Tarihi Dokuların Sürdürülebilirliğinde Turizm Kaynaklı Değişimlerin Etkileri: Kuşadası Dağ ve Camii-Kebir Mahalleleri Örneği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir.
  • • VERPLANKEN, B., H. AARTS, A. VANKNIPPENBERG ve C. VANKNIPPENBERG, (1994), Attitude Versus General Habit-Antecedents of Travel Mode Choice, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24 (4), 285-300.
  • • VINCENT, V. C. ve W. T. THOMPSON, (2002), Assessing community support and sustainability for ecotourism development, Journal of Travel Research, 41, 153–160.
  • • WEAVER, D. B. ve L. J. LAWTON, (2004), Visitor attitudes towards tourism development and product integration in an Australian urban-rural fringe, Journal of Travel Research, 42(3), 286–296.
  • • WEDEL M. ve W.A. KAMAKURA, (2000), Market Segmentation: Conceptual and Methodological Foundations, Norwell, 2nd Edition, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • • WURZINGER, S., (2003), Are Ecotourists Really More ‘Eco’? A Comparison of General Environmental Beliefs, Specific Attitudes, General Ecological Behaviour and Knowledge Between Swedish Ecotourists and Non-ecotourists, Lund University, School of Architecture, Lund.
  • • YAN, J., (2008), Is the Chinese Tourist Ready for Sustainable Tourism(s) Attitudes and Preferences for Sustainable Tourism Services?, Yan, J. “Cultural and attitudinal influences on destination choice: Preferences of Chinese domestic tourists”, Tez Çalışması içinde, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen.
  • • YAN, J., J. BARKMANN, ve R. MARGGRAF, (2008), Sustainable Tourism Development in Southwestern China: Attitude-Intention Gap in Domestic Tourists, Yan, J. “Cultural and attitudinal influences on destination choice: Preferences of Chinese domestic tourists”, Tez Çalışması içinde, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 187-228.
There are 66 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Öznur Özkan Tektaş

Koray Çamlıca

Publication Date November 25, 2015
Submission Date November 25, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özkan Tektaş, Ö., & Çamlıca, K. (2015). PAZAR BÖLÜMLENDİRME ARACI OLARAK TUTUM VE NİYETİN BİR ARADA KULLANIMI: SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR TURİZM ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA. Verimlilik Dergisi(1), 31-53.

23139       23140          29293

22408 Journal of Productivity is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)