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PROPPIAN ANALYSIS OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF WOMAN HERO IN STAR WARS NARRATIVE STRUCTURE

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 669 - 696, 28.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.555811

Öz

Since 1977, Star Wars is a series of films that have a fascinating audience and fandom in the history of cinema. Star Wars films have a sci-fi and westernian genre character and appeal to the male world in both narratives and audiences in general. Generally the male-dominated image of the male protagonists' aesthetic duels in a story based on power and force is broken in 2015 with Star Wars: Episode VII - The Force Awakens, after Disney bought Star Wars. In addition to the global paradigm shift in gender roles, Disney's desire to include the female fan base into the market in this breakdown is also there. In the modern-popular culture structure, a woman phenomene who is a hero with masculine codes emerges. In the Star Wars series important woman characters are always presented, but not as heroic. The aim of this study is to look at the construction of the woman hero (Rey) through the film The Force Awakens, which is the first woman in the last trilogy. The basic story of the film series fits the scheme of Vladimir Propp's Russian tales. Therefore, as it was looked at the construction here, the narrative structure was analyzed by Propp's structural analysis method and how the woman hero was built within the masculine language. In the construction of masculine language, the image of impeccable masculinity created by Hollywood and popular culture is encountered while the woman is consumed as a supporter of masculinity in this created capitalist language. The importance of Propp's structural method from the point of study is due to the analysis of the structures within the narrative. This approach allows us to analyze the position of women in the narrative and the gender problem through the corpus examined. It has been seen that Rey's heroism exists to strengthen the heroism of men, not her own womanhood.

Kaynakça

  • ABİSEL, Nilgün (1995). Popüler Sinema ve Türler, İstanbul: Alan Yayınları.
  • BARS, Mehmet Emin (2014). "Vladimir Propp’un Yapısal Çözümleme Yöntemi Çerçevesinde 'Battal Gazi Destanı' Filminin İncelenmesi", Tarih Okulu Dergisi (TOD), XVIII, s. 79-97.
  • BEAUVOIR, Simone de (2011). The Second Sex. (Çev: Constance Borde & Sheila Malovany Chevallier), New York: Vintage Books.
  • BOWMAN, Cole (2016). Pregnant Padme and Slave Leia: Star Wars’ Female Role Models, (Editörler), Jason T. Eberl & Kevin S. Decker. The Ultimate Star Wars and Philosophy, Malden: Wiley Blackwell. s. 161-171.
  • BROEKMAN, Jan M. (1974). Structuralism: Moscow - Prague - Paris, Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company.
  • BROWN, Jeffrey (2013). Comic Book Masculunity, (Editörler), Charles Hatfield, Jeet Heer & Kent Worcester. The Superhero Reader, Mississippi: The University Press of Mississippi. 269-278.
  • BRUIN-MOLÉ, Megen de (2017). Space Bitches, Witches, and Kick-Ass Princesses Star Wars and Popular Feminism, (Editörler), Sean Guynes and Dan Hassler-Forest. Star Wars and the History of Transmedia Storytelling, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. s. 225-240.
  • CAMPBELL, Joseph (2004). The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • DELEUZE, Gilles (2006). Foucault, (Çev: Sean Hand), Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • DOMINGUEZ, Diana (2007). Feminism and the Force: Empowerment and Disillusionment in a Galaxy Far, Far Away, (Editörler), Carl Silvio and Tony M. Vinci. Culture, Identities and Technology in the Star Wars Films: Essays on the Two Trilogies, Jefferson: McFarland, s. 109-133.
  • DWORKIN, Andrea (1981). Our Blood: Prophecies and Discourses on Sexual Politics, New York: Perigee Books.
  • FAULKNER, Wendy (2001). "The Technology Questıon in Feminism: A View From Feminist Technology Studies", Women’s Studies International Forum, 24 (1), s. 79–95.FOUCAULT, Michel (1972). The Archaeology of Knowledge and The Discourse on Language, (Çev: A. M. Sheridan Smith), New York: Pantheon Books.
  • FOUCAULT, Michel (2005). The Order of Things: An Archaeology of The Human Sciences. Routledge: London.
  • FRANKEL, Valerie Estelle (2018). Star Wars Meets the Eras of Feminism: Weighing All the Galaxy’s Women Great and Small, London: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • FREDRICKSON, Barbara L. & ROBERTS, Tomi-Ann (1997). "Objectification Theory: Toward Understanding Women's Lived Experiences and Mental Health Risks", Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, s. 173–206.
  • GLOVER, Gwendolyn (2009). Princess Leia, Feminist Icon?, http://littlemissgnomide.blogspot.com/2009/10/princess-leia-feminist-icon.html, Erişim tarihi: 11.04.2019.
  • GÖK, Gökhan (2015). Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015): Tanıdık Temalar, Eski Tatlar, http://www.cinerituel.com/2015/12/star-wars-the-force-awakens-2015-tanidik-temalar-eski-tatlar.html, Erişim tarihi: 11.04.2019.
  • HAWKES, Terence (2003). Structuralism and Semiotics, London: Routledge.
  • HOLLIS, James (1994). Under Saturn's Shadow: The Wounding and Healing of Men, Toronto: Inner City Books.
  • IMDB. "Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker", https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2527338/, Erişim tarihi: 17.04.2019.
  • JENKINS, Henry & HASSLER-FOREST, Dan (2017). Foreword: "I Have a Bad Feeling About This", A Conversation about Star Wars and the History of Transmedia. Editörler, Sean Guynes & Dan Hassler-Forest. Star Wars and the History of Transmedia Storytelling, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. s. 15-34.
  • JUDGE, Mark (2015). "Star Wars" and the Crisis of Masculinity, https://acculturated.com/star-wars-and-the-crisis-of-masculinity/, Erişim tarihi: 10.04.2019.
  • KEARNS, Megan (2012). Women in Science Fiction Week: Princess Leia: Feminist Icon or Texist Trope?, http://www.btchflcks.com/2012/08/women-in-science-fiction-week-princess-leia-feminist-icon-or-sexist-trope.html#.XBQewdszbIU, Erişim tarihi: 11.04.2019.
  • KOUSHIK, Kailash & REED, Abigail (2018). "Star Wars: The Last Jedi, Beauty and the Beast, and Disney’s Commodification of Feminism: A Political Economic Analysis", Social Sciences, 7(11), s.1-21.
  • PIAGET, Jean (1970). Structuralism, (Çev. C. Maschler), New York: Basic Books.
  • PIANKA, John Paul (2013). The Power Of The Force: Race, Gender, and Colonialism in The Star Wars Universe. Wesleyan Universitesi Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Middletown.
  • PROPP, Vladimir (1968). Morphology of the Folktale. Laurence Scott (Trans.). Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • PROPP, Vladimir (1997). Theory and History of Folklore, (Çev. Ariadna Y. Martin, Richard P. Martin vd.), Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • PROPP, Vladimir Yakovlevich (2012). The Russian Folktale, Ed. ve Çev. Sibelan Forrester, Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
  • REUTERS (2015). Disney's 'Star Wars' marketing force reaches for female fans. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-film-starwars-women-analysis-idUSKBN0TX1J720151215, Erişim tarihi: 06.04.2019.
  • STURROCK, John (2003). Structuralism. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
  • TALIAFERRO, Charles & BECK, Annika (2016)."Like My Father before Me": Loss and Redemption of Fatherhood in Star Wars, Editörler, Jason T. Eberl & Kevin S. Decker. The Ultimate Star Wars and Philosophy, Malden: Wiley Blackwell. s.117-126.
  • TRINA, Robbins (2013). The Great Women Superheroes, Editörler, Charles Hatfield, Jeet Heer & Kent Worcester. The Superhero Reader, Mississippi: The University Press of Mississippi, s. 53-60.
  • VAINIKKA, V. (2018). The Portrayal of Female Characters in the Star Wars Film Saga, Eastern Finland Üniversitesi Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Finlandiya. http://epublications.uef.fi/pub/urn_nbn_fi_uef-20180653/urn_nbn_fi_uef-20180653.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 09.04.2019.
  • WILSON, Veronica A. (2007). Seduced by the Dark Side of the Force: Gender, Sexuality and Moral Agency in George Lucas’s Star Wars Universe, Editörler, Carl Silvio and Tony M. Vinci. Culture, Identities and Technology in the Star Wars Films: Essays on the Two Trilogies. Jefferson: McFarland, s.134-152.

STAR WARS ANLATI YAPISINDA KADIN KAHRAMAN İNŞASININ PROPPYEN ANALİZİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 669 - 696, 28.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.555811

Öz

Star Wars (Yıldız Savaşları), 1977'den beri sinema tarihinde önemli bir hayran kitlesi ve hayran kültürü olan bir film serisidir. Star Wars filmleri bilimkurgu ve westernik özellikler taşımasından dolayı gerek anlatıda gerekse izleyici kitlesinde genel olarak erkek dünyaya hitap etmektedir. Güç ve iktidar üzerine kurulu bir hikâye yapısı içerisinde genellikle erkek kahramanların estetik düellolarının izlendiği erkek egemen görüntü, Disney'in Star Wars'u satın almasından sonra Star Wars: Episode VII - The Force Awakens (Güç Uyanıyor) filmi ile 2015'te kırılmıştır. Bu kırılmada, cinsiyet rollerindeki küresel paradigma değişiminin yanı sıra Disney'in kadın hayran kitlesini de pazara dahil etme isteği vardır. Modern-popüler kültür yapısı içinde eril kodlarla kahraman olan bir kadın fenomen karşımıza çıkar. Star Wars serilerinde önemli kadın karakterler her zaman olsa da başrolde kahraman olarak sunulmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, son üçlemede yer alan ve ilk kez bir kadın karakterin öne çıktığı The Force Awakens (Güç Uyanıyor) filmi üzerinden kadın kahramanın (Rey) inşasına bakmaktır. Film serilerinin temel hikâyesi Vladimir Propp'un Rus masallarına uyguladığı şemaya uymaktadır. Bu nedenle buradaki inşaya bakılırken anlatı yapısı Propp'un yapısal çözümleme yöntemiyle incelenmiş ve kadın kahramanın eril dil içinde nasıl inşa edildiğine bakılmıştır. Eril dilin inşasında Hollywood'un ve popüler kültürün yarattığı kusursuz erkeklik imgesi karşımıza çıkarken kadın da bu yaratılan kapitalist dil içinde erilliği destekleyici olarak tüketilmektedir. Propp'un yapısal yönteminin çalışma açısından önemi, anlatı içindeki yapıları çözümlemesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu yaklaşım, bize kadının anlatı içindeki konumu daha net verirken diğer yandan toplumsal cinsiyet sorununa bakışın, incelenen film yani bütünce aracılığıyla güncellenmesini de sağlamaktadır. Görülmüştür ki Rey'in kahramanlığı kendi kadınlığını değil, erkeklerin kahramanlığını güçlendirmek için vardır.

Kaynakça

  • ABİSEL, Nilgün (1995). Popüler Sinema ve Türler, İstanbul: Alan Yayınları.
  • BARS, Mehmet Emin (2014). "Vladimir Propp’un Yapısal Çözümleme Yöntemi Çerçevesinde 'Battal Gazi Destanı' Filminin İncelenmesi", Tarih Okulu Dergisi (TOD), XVIII, s. 79-97.
  • BEAUVOIR, Simone de (2011). The Second Sex. (Çev: Constance Borde & Sheila Malovany Chevallier), New York: Vintage Books.
  • BOWMAN, Cole (2016). Pregnant Padme and Slave Leia: Star Wars’ Female Role Models, (Editörler), Jason T. Eberl & Kevin S. Decker. The Ultimate Star Wars and Philosophy, Malden: Wiley Blackwell. s. 161-171.
  • BROEKMAN, Jan M. (1974). Structuralism: Moscow - Prague - Paris, Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company.
  • BROWN, Jeffrey (2013). Comic Book Masculunity, (Editörler), Charles Hatfield, Jeet Heer & Kent Worcester. The Superhero Reader, Mississippi: The University Press of Mississippi. 269-278.
  • BRUIN-MOLÉ, Megen de (2017). Space Bitches, Witches, and Kick-Ass Princesses Star Wars and Popular Feminism, (Editörler), Sean Guynes and Dan Hassler-Forest. Star Wars and the History of Transmedia Storytelling, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. s. 225-240.
  • CAMPBELL, Joseph (2004). The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • DELEUZE, Gilles (2006). Foucault, (Çev: Sean Hand), Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • DOMINGUEZ, Diana (2007). Feminism and the Force: Empowerment and Disillusionment in a Galaxy Far, Far Away, (Editörler), Carl Silvio and Tony M. Vinci. Culture, Identities and Technology in the Star Wars Films: Essays on the Two Trilogies, Jefferson: McFarland, s. 109-133.
  • DWORKIN, Andrea (1981). Our Blood: Prophecies and Discourses on Sexual Politics, New York: Perigee Books.
  • FAULKNER, Wendy (2001). "The Technology Questıon in Feminism: A View From Feminist Technology Studies", Women’s Studies International Forum, 24 (1), s. 79–95.FOUCAULT, Michel (1972). The Archaeology of Knowledge and The Discourse on Language, (Çev: A. M. Sheridan Smith), New York: Pantheon Books.
  • FOUCAULT, Michel (2005). The Order of Things: An Archaeology of The Human Sciences. Routledge: London.
  • FRANKEL, Valerie Estelle (2018). Star Wars Meets the Eras of Feminism: Weighing All the Galaxy’s Women Great and Small, London: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • FREDRICKSON, Barbara L. & ROBERTS, Tomi-Ann (1997). "Objectification Theory: Toward Understanding Women's Lived Experiences and Mental Health Risks", Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, s. 173–206.
  • GLOVER, Gwendolyn (2009). Princess Leia, Feminist Icon?, http://littlemissgnomide.blogspot.com/2009/10/princess-leia-feminist-icon.html, Erişim tarihi: 11.04.2019.
  • GÖK, Gökhan (2015). Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015): Tanıdık Temalar, Eski Tatlar, http://www.cinerituel.com/2015/12/star-wars-the-force-awakens-2015-tanidik-temalar-eski-tatlar.html, Erişim tarihi: 11.04.2019.
  • HAWKES, Terence (2003). Structuralism and Semiotics, London: Routledge.
  • HOLLIS, James (1994). Under Saturn's Shadow: The Wounding and Healing of Men, Toronto: Inner City Books.
  • IMDB. "Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker", https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2527338/, Erişim tarihi: 17.04.2019.
  • JENKINS, Henry & HASSLER-FOREST, Dan (2017). Foreword: "I Have a Bad Feeling About This", A Conversation about Star Wars and the History of Transmedia. Editörler, Sean Guynes & Dan Hassler-Forest. Star Wars and the History of Transmedia Storytelling, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. s. 15-34.
  • JUDGE, Mark (2015). "Star Wars" and the Crisis of Masculinity, https://acculturated.com/star-wars-and-the-crisis-of-masculinity/, Erişim tarihi: 10.04.2019.
  • KEARNS, Megan (2012). Women in Science Fiction Week: Princess Leia: Feminist Icon or Texist Trope?, http://www.btchflcks.com/2012/08/women-in-science-fiction-week-princess-leia-feminist-icon-or-sexist-trope.html#.XBQewdszbIU, Erişim tarihi: 11.04.2019.
  • KOUSHIK, Kailash & REED, Abigail (2018). "Star Wars: The Last Jedi, Beauty and the Beast, and Disney’s Commodification of Feminism: A Political Economic Analysis", Social Sciences, 7(11), s.1-21.
  • PIAGET, Jean (1970). Structuralism, (Çev. C. Maschler), New York: Basic Books.
  • PIANKA, John Paul (2013). The Power Of The Force: Race, Gender, and Colonialism in The Star Wars Universe. Wesleyan Universitesi Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Middletown.
  • PROPP, Vladimir (1968). Morphology of the Folktale. Laurence Scott (Trans.). Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • PROPP, Vladimir (1997). Theory and History of Folklore, (Çev. Ariadna Y. Martin, Richard P. Martin vd.), Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • PROPP, Vladimir Yakovlevich (2012). The Russian Folktale, Ed. ve Çev. Sibelan Forrester, Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
  • REUTERS (2015). Disney's 'Star Wars' marketing force reaches for female fans. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-film-starwars-women-analysis-idUSKBN0TX1J720151215, Erişim tarihi: 06.04.2019.
  • STURROCK, John (2003). Structuralism. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
  • TALIAFERRO, Charles & BECK, Annika (2016)."Like My Father before Me": Loss and Redemption of Fatherhood in Star Wars, Editörler, Jason T. Eberl & Kevin S. Decker. The Ultimate Star Wars and Philosophy, Malden: Wiley Blackwell. s.117-126.
  • TRINA, Robbins (2013). The Great Women Superheroes, Editörler, Charles Hatfield, Jeet Heer & Kent Worcester. The Superhero Reader, Mississippi: The University Press of Mississippi, s. 53-60.
  • VAINIKKA, V. (2018). The Portrayal of Female Characters in the Star Wars Film Saga, Eastern Finland Üniversitesi Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Finlandiya. http://epublications.uef.fi/pub/urn_nbn_fi_uef-20180653/urn_nbn_fi_uef-20180653.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 09.04.2019.
  • WILSON, Veronica A. (2007). Seduced by the Dark Side of the Force: Gender, Sexuality and Moral Agency in George Lucas’s Star Wars Universe, Editörler, Carl Silvio and Tony M. Vinci. Culture, Identities and Technology in the Star Wars Films: Essays on the Two Trilogies. Jefferson: McFarland, s.134-152.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Işıl Tombul 0000-0002-7793-7227

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Mart 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Nisan 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Tombul, I. (2020). STAR WARS ANLATI YAPISINDA KADIN KAHRAMAN İNŞASININ PROPPYEN ANALİZİ. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 8(1), 669-696. https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.555811
AMA Tombul I. STAR WARS ANLATI YAPISINDA KADIN KAHRAMAN İNŞASININ PROPPYEN ANALİZİ. e-gifder. Mart 2020;8(1):669-696. doi:10.19145/e-gifder.555811
Chicago Tombul, Işıl. “STAR WARS ANLATI YAPISINDA KADIN KAHRAMAN İNŞASININ PROPPYEN ANALİZİ”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi 8, sy. 1 (Mart 2020): 669-96. https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.555811.
EndNote Tombul I (01 Mart 2020) STAR WARS ANLATI YAPISINDA KADIN KAHRAMAN İNŞASININ PROPPYEN ANALİZİ. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi 8 1 669–696.
IEEE I. Tombul, “STAR WARS ANLATI YAPISINDA KADIN KAHRAMAN İNŞASININ PROPPYEN ANALİZİ”, e-gifder, c. 8, sy. 1, ss. 669–696, 2020, doi: 10.19145/e-gifder.555811.
ISNAD Tombul, Işıl. “STAR WARS ANLATI YAPISINDA KADIN KAHRAMAN İNŞASININ PROPPYEN ANALİZİ”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi 8/1 (Mart 2020), 669-696. https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.555811.
JAMA Tombul I. STAR WARS ANLATI YAPISINDA KADIN KAHRAMAN İNŞASININ PROPPYEN ANALİZİ. e-gifder. 2020;8:669–696.
MLA Tombul, Işıl. “STAR WARS ANLATI YAPISINDA KADIN KAHRAMAN İNŞASININ PROPPYEN ANALİZİ”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 1, 2020, ss. 669-96, doi:10.19145/e-gifder.555811.
Vancouver Tombul I. STAR WARS ANLATI YAPISINDA KADIN KAHRAMAN İNŞASININ PROPPYEN ANALİZİ. e-gifder. 2020;8(1):669-96.