Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi

Öz

an-Naḥv science, which is among the Arabic language sciences, focuses on Arabic grammar and has an important place in the history of Islamic science and thought. It is possible to divide Arabic literature in general, and the science and history of an-Naḥv in particular, into various periods from the time of ignorance to the present day. One of these periods is the Ottoman period, which covers the period between 1516
and 1802, and holds an important place in Arabic literature. During the Ottoman period, great importance was given to Arabic, which formed the basis of classical sciences, and linguistic sciences based on Arabic were mainly taught in the madrasahs of this period. On the basis of these sciences, there is aṣ-S̠arf, an-Naḥv and al-balāġah. ‘Ābidīn Pasha is one of the late Ottoman scholars; He is a versatile scholar who has written works
on many fields, from syntax to literature, from Sufism to theology, from philosophy to economics and the stock market. ‘Ābidīn Pasha was born in Preveza in 1843. While he served as governor in many places, such as Selānik, Adana, Sivas, Ankara, and Cezāyir-i Baḥr-i Sefīd (Mediterranean Islands), he also served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs for a short time. Pasha, who was fluent in Arabic, Persian, Albanian, French, and Greek,
wrote poems in Greek. ‘Ābidīn Pasha stands out mostly with his Mes̠nevī commentary. However, it is possible
to say that his treatises and works on other fields are also very valuable. ‘Ābidīn Pasha, who knew five different languages well, also wrote a work on Arabic grammar called Ber Ṭarz-ı Nevīn Nahv-i ‘Arabī. The work was printed on 1312/1895 at the Rhodes Cezāyir-i Baḥr-i Sefīd Provincial Printing House and was transferred to the digital environment in 2012 by the Istanbul Development Agency within the scope of the project of cataloging
rare works of the Ottoman period. Although most of ‘Ābidīn Pasha’s works have been discussed in various studies, no separate study has been conducted on his work Ber Ṭarz-ı Nevīn Nahv-i ‘Arabī.
Descriptive and explanatory methods were used in this study. This work has been examined under two main headings: general grammar and al-i‘rāb subjects. In the work, subjects such as word types, al-avāmil as-Samā‘ıyya and al-avāmil al-kıyāsiyya, almarfu‘āt, al-mansûbāt and al-macrûrāt are discussed in detail. In addition to these, the issues of al-i‘rāb al-lafzī, al-i‘rāb at-takhdīrī and al-i‘rāb al-mahallī are also discussed, but the al-i‘rāb of subjects such as “kāne” – “inne” and others like them, at-ta’kīd, al-badal, atf al-bayān has not been entered into in detail. Subjects such as at-tahzīr, al-iġrā, al-ihtisās, expressions indicating exaggeration, ism at-tafdīl, and verbs expressing praise, blame, or surprise were not touched upon. It can be stated that ‘Ābidīn Pasha did not address such issues for reasons such as the topics being less usable than others or the book being a concise work. In this respect, it can be said that the work was written with the aim of
teaching syntax in a short and easy manner. The author did not include an independent bibliography in his work. However, It is possible to say that basic grammatical works such as the Birgivī Mehmed Efendi’s al-‘Avāmil ve al-İzhār, İbn al-Hājib’s al-Kāfiye, İbn Hişām’s Muğnī al-Labīb and Kavâ‘id al-İ‘rāb, al-Kāfiye commentary, also known as Molla Câmî (al-Favā‘id az-Ziyā‘iyye) in relation to the person who commented, are among the sources of ‘Ābidīn Pasha. Until the Tanzimat period in the Ottoman Empire, independent works, commentaries, and annotations related to an-naḥv were generally written in Arabic. With Tanzimat, ideas such as Turkishness in the language, writing works in Turkish, searching for new methods in teaching grammar, and facilitating grammar gained importance. In fact, after the Tanzimat period, works centering on these ideas increased. It can be said that ‘Ābidīn Pasha, who wrote his work in Turkish, was also influenced by these thoughts and aimed to teach an-naḥv to the students using a new method based on their mother tongue. It can be stated that Abidin Pasha also had the idea of teaching an-naḥv easily or making it easier. When Arabic grammatical subjects were generally covered in detail, the fact that ‘Ābidīn Pasha did not go into detail regarding these subjects refers to the same point. In fact, in the title of his work, he states that he deals with Arabic nahw using a new method.