Research Article

Comparison of Mu'tazila and Philosophers' Views on Allah's Attributes

Volume: 5 Number: 1 July 20, 2022
EN TR

Comparison of Mu'tazila and Philosophers' Views on Allah's Attributes

Abstract

The issue of the attributes of Allah, besides being the scene of intense debates and disagreements between two important schools of Islamic thought, theologians and Islamic philosophers, also formed the reason for the emergence of various sects in Islamic theology. Islamic philosophers have different opinions with Ahl as-sunnat theologians about the attributes of Allah. However, they show significant similarities with Mu'tazilite theologians. While the Islamic philosophers tried to present many of the issues they transferred from Greek philosophy in an Islamic way, they were quite comfortable compared to the Mu'tazilite theologians. While the Mu'tazila and Islamic philosophers are in agreement on some issues on the issue of adjectives, they think differently on some issues. As a result of their knowledge of the texts related to metaphysics belonging to Greek philosophy, Islamic philosophers tried to put forward a consistent vision of God that would not contradict the Qur'an but would not contradict their own systems. Mu'tazila scholars had knowledge of metaphysics in philosophical knowledge before Fârâbî and İbn Sînâ, who were not even alive yet. Ebü'l-Huzeyl al-Allaf and the Mu'tazilite scholars of the same generation learned philosophical knowledge and tried to benefit from it as a method, as they saw a method unity in the approaches of philosophers to the subject of adjectives. Their taking the principle of tanzih as a basis in the issue of adjectives caused them to accept the tanzihi adjectives of the zât-ı bari, but to reject the substantive adjectives. Subuti or substantive adjectives were rejected by philosophers because they were regarded as essential adjectives, and they were not accepted by Mu'tazilite scholars for the same reasons. Both schools are in agreement on this issue. While philosophers melted all of God's essential attributes into the attribute of knowledge with a pure approach, Mu'tazila scholars, with a similar approach, reduced all of God's attributes to knowledge and power. In this article, the subject is discussed in the axis of the ideas of Fârâbî (d. 339/950) and Avicenna (d. 428/1037), who have an important role in the systematization of Peripatetic philosophy. It has been tried to compare the views of both groups by considering the thoughts of Islamic philosophers and Mu'tazila scholars, especially Ebü'l-Hüzayl al-Allaf and Ebu Hâşim el-Cübbai, on the attributes of Allah. In this context, it has been tried to find an answer to the question of whether Mu'tazila's ideas on adjectives are original or not, taking into account the historical development of Mu'tazila and Islamic philosophy.

Keywords

References

  1. Abdülkerim Osman. Nazariyyetü’teklîf ârâu Kādı Abdülcebbâr el-kelâmiyye. Müessesetü’r-Risâle, ts.
  2. Altıntaş, Hayrani. İbni Sînâ Metafiziği. Ankara: Elis Yayınları, 2008.
  3. Altıntaş, Ramazan. Türk kelamcıları. Konya: Çizgi KItabevi, 2017.
  4. Ammara, Muhammed. Mu‘tezile ve İnsanın Özgürlüğü Sorunu. çev. Vahdettin İnce. İstanbul: Ekin, 1998.
  5. Aydın, Mehmet. Müslümanların Hiristiyanlıga karsı yazdığı reddiyeler ve tartısma konuları. Konya: Selçuk Universitesi Rektörlüğü, 1989.
  6. Aydın, Mehmet S. Din felsefesi. Ankara: Selçuk Yayınları, 1994.
  7. Belhî, Ebü’l-Kāsım Abdullāh b. Ahmed b. Mahmûd el-. Kitâbü’l-Maḳālât ve meʿâhû ʿuyûnü’l-mesâʾil ve’l-cevâbât. thk. Hüseyin Hansu vd. İstanbul: Dâru’l-Feth, 1430.
  8. Bulut, Erkan. Ehl-i sünnet Kelamı’nda İcmâ. Ankara: Sonçağ Akademi, 2022.

Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Religious Studies

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

July 20, 2022

Submission Date

June 27, 2022

Acceptance Date

July 10, 2022

Published in Issue

Year 1970 Volume: 5 Number: 1

APA
Bulut, E. (2022). Mu‘tezile ve Filozofların Allah’ın Sıfatları Hakkındaki Görüşlerinin Mukayesesi. Turkish Research Journal of Academic Social Science, 5(1), 1-16. https://izlik.org/JA44TH74EZ

ISSN: 2667-4491

Dear Authors,
According to the February 25, 2020 dated ULAKBIM decision, all kinds of researches conducted with qualitative or quantitative approaches that require data collection from participants using survey, interview, focus group study, observation, experiment, interview techniques, and the use of humans and animals (including materials/data) for experimental or other scientific purposes require an Ethics Committee certificate.

The ethics committee approvals obtained in accordance with the “publication policy” of the articles submitted to the Turkish Academic Social Sciences Research Journal must be specified in the METHOD section of the article and uploaded to the system. Publications with plagiarism report over 20% and studies without ethics committee approval will not be evaluated for publication in our journal.
Thank you for your attention and understanding.

20120

This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License 

20119