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Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 244 - 254, 03.01.2026

Sunday Akpan

https://doi.org/10.59372/turajas.1494323

Abstract

References

  • Abdulraheem, I. S., Olapipo, A R, and Amodu, M. O. (2012). Primary health care services in Nigeria: critical issues and strategies for enhancing the use by the rural communities, Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology; 4:5-13.
  • Abimbola, S; Okoli, U; Olubajo, O; Abdullahi, M. J; and Pate, M. A. (2012). The Midwives Service Scheme in Nigeria. Plos Med 2012; 9 (5): e1001211. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001211. Access to Insurance Initiative (A2ii, n.d). Insurance and the Sustainable Development Goals. https://a2ii.org/en/sustainable-development-goals
  • Adesina, D. (2009) National Health Insurance Scheme. Available from http://thenigeriandoctor.org/news Agbo, H. A. and Okoh, E. O. (2014). Assessment of the Tertiary Institution Social Health Insurance Programme at the University of Jos Health Center, Journal of Biological and Chemical Research, 2014
  • Akande, T. M., & Monehin, J. O. (2004). Health management information system in private clinics in Ilorin, Nigeria. Nigerian Medical Practitioner, 46(5), 103-107.
  • Anetoh, M. U., Jibuaku, C. H., Nduka, S. O., & Uzodinma, S. U. (2017). Knowledge and Implementation of Tertiary Institutions’ Social Health Insurance Programme (TISHIP) in Nigeria: a case study of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Pan African Medical Journal, 28(1).
  • Asekun-Olarinmoye, E. O., Bamidele, J. O., Egbewale, B. E., Asekun-Olarinmoye, I. O., & Ojofeitimi, E. O. (2009). Consumer assessment of perceived quality of antenatal care services in a tertiary health care institution in Osun State, Nigeria. J Turkish-German GynecolAssoc, 10, 89-94.
  • Bamtefa, I. M., Okunade, I. E., Babalola, O., Ilori, T., Adeniji, F. I., Fafiolu, A. S., & Obembe, T. A. (2025). Tertiary institutions’ social health insurance program (TISHIP) in Southwestern Nigeria: How knowledgeable are the end-users?. PLOS Global Public Health, 5(5), 1-16
  • Bertelsmann Stiftung (2022). Sustainable Governance Indicators. Accessed Dec. 10, 2022). Available from https://www.sgi-network.org/2022/
  • Bey, T. A., Hahn, S. A., & Moecke, H. (2008). The current state of hospital-based emergency medicine in Germany. International journal of emergency medicine, 1(4), 273-277.
  • Bhattacharya, C. B., Sen, S., & Korschun, D. (2008). Using corporate social responsibility to win the war for talent. MIT Sloan management review, 49(2).
  • CARE-NET (2005). Repositioning the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) for effective take-off: From policy to Action Health Insurance. 2005. Jan. Accessed on Dec 10, 2022. Available: http://www.carenet.info/files/Health_Insuran
  • De Stampa, M., Vedel, I., Mauriat, C., Bagaragaza, E., Routelous, C., Bergman, H. ... & Henrard, J. C. (2010). Diagnostic study, design and implementation of an integrated model of care in France: a bottom-up process with a continuous leadership. International Journal of Integrated Care, 10, e034.
  • Derakhshani, N., Doshmangir, L., Ahmadi, A., Fakhri, A., Sadeghi-Bazargani, H., & Gordeev, V. S. (2020). Monitoring process barriers and enablers towards universal health coverage within the sustainable development goals: a systematic review and content analysis. ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research, 459-472.
  • Doetinchem, O., Carrin, G., & Evans, D. (2010). Thinking of introducing social health insurance? Ten questions. World health report. Background paper, No. 26
  • Dougherty, D., & Conway, P. H. (2008). The “3T’s” road map to transform US health care: the “how” of high-quality care. Jama, 299(19), 2319-2321.
  • Elias C, A., Anne C, N., Chinonso J, O., Pamela C, O., Anthony C, O., & Chukwuebuka V, O. (2019). Utilization of tertiary institutions social health insurance programme (TISHIP) among undergraduate students in Enugu State. Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 28(4), 413-422.
  • Essien, N. L. (2025). Financial risk protection and Nigeria’s journey towards universal health coverage. npj Health Systems, 2(1), 1-9.
  • Geofery, L., Joshua, E. A., Njiti, M., Ivor, N. C., Malgwi, F. A., Hassan, J. M., ... & Dick, O. A. (2018). The Practice of Universal Precautions among Student Radiographers in Their Clinical Phase of Training. Nigerian Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, 7(1).
  • Green-Pedersen, C., & Wilkerson, J. (2006). How agenda-setting attributes shape politics: basic dilemmas, problem attention and health politics developments in Denmark and the US. Journal of European Public Policy, 13(7), 1039-1052.
  • Habib, S. S., & Zaidi, S. (2021). Exploring willingness to pay for health insurance and preferences for a benefits package from the perspective of women from low-income households of Karachi, Pakistan. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1), 1-9.
  • Harishchandra, Navindu. (2021). Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371685764_Adverse_Selection_and_Moral_Hazard Health Insurance report. Repositioning the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS, 2005) for effective take-off: From policy to Action. Quart Health Insur J.; 7:1–4
  • Ibiwoye, A., & Adeleke, A. A. (2007). The impact of health insurance on health care provision in developing countries. Ghana Journal of Development Studies, 4(2), 49-58.
  • Jeremiah, V. T., Joseph, O. I., & Innocent, N. O. (2019). Awareness and patronage of the tertiary institutions social health insurance programme (TISHIP) among students of tertiary institutions in Abuja, Nigeria. Global Journal of Applied Management and Social Science, 17, 32-37.
  • Joint Learning Network for universal health coverage. (2013). Nigeria National Health Insurance System. Available from Http://www.
  • Lee, J. J., & Kim, H. (2023). Conceptual articles may disrupt the field of marketing but continue to decline in numbers: Evidence from a GPT-assisted study. arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.14724.
  • Lewis M. (2016) “Governance and corruption in public health care systems.” Center for Global Development Working Paper No 78. 2006. Accessed on Dec. 10, 2022.
  • MacInnis, D. J. (2004). Where have all the papers gone? Reflections on the decline of conceptual articles. Association for Consumer Research Newsletter, 1, 1-3.
  • Moopen, A. (2020). The importance of accessible and sustainable healthcare. https://insights.omnia-health.com/management/importance-accessible-and-sustainable-healthcare
  • National Health Act, (2014)
  • National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) (2005) Public Use Data Release – CDC NHIS Newsletter, VCSHIP and CBSHIP (2012). Giant strides towards universal coverage. NHIS Publications. 2012; 1 (2). 18.
  • Nigeria National Health Conference (2009) Communique. Abuja, Nigeria. Accessed on Nov. 5, 2022. Available from: http://www.ngnhc.org
  • Nyman, J. A. (2003). The theory of demand for health insurance. Stanford University Press.
  • Obiechina, G. O., & Ekenedo, G. O. (2013). Factors affecting utilization of university health services in a tertiary institution in South West Nigeria. Nigerian journal of clinical practice, 16(4).
  • Odoch, W. D., Senkubuge, F., & Hongoro, C. (2021). How has sustainable development goals declaration influenced health financing reforms for universal health coverage at the country level? A scoping review of literature. Globalization and health, 17(1), 50.
  • Ofili, A. N., & Ofovwe, C. E. (2005). Patients' assessment of efficiency of services at a teaching hospital in a developing country. Annals of African Medicine, 4(4).
  • Okaro, A. O., Ohagwu, C. C., & Njoku, J. (2010). Awareness and perception of national health insurance scheme (NHIS) among radiographers in south east Nigeria. American Journal of Scientific Research, 8(1), 18-25.
  • Olarewanju, T. (2011): National Health Insurance Scheme: Of what Benefit to Nigerian Masses. Nigerian Tribune Newspaper Published in November, 2011
  • Omoruan, A. I., Bamidele, A. P., & Phillips, O. F. (2009). Social health insurance and sustainable healthcare reform in Nigeria. Studies on Ethno-Medicine, 3(2), 105-110.
  • Onwujekwe, O., Onoka, C., Uguru, N., Nnenna, T., Uzochukwu, B., Eze, S. ... & Petu, A. (2010). Preferences for benefit packages for community-based health insurance: an exploratory study in Nigeria. BMC health services research, 10(1), 1-7.
  • Oriolowo, O. B., Asarya, A., & Olarongbe, G. (2022). Awareness and Perceptions of College Students on Tertiary Institution Social Health Insurance Pro-gramme (TISHIP). Medicon Medical Sciences, 3, 04-12.
  • Osuchukwu Nelson, C., Osonwa Kalu, O., Eko Jimmy, E., Uwanede, C. C., & Abeshi, S. E. (2013). Evaluating the impact of national health insurance scheme on health care consumers in calabar metropolis, southern Nigeria. International Journal of Learning and Development, 3(4), 30-45.
  • Prohealth HMO. (2013). TISHIP. Available from http://prohealthhmo.com
  • Quirke, V., & Gaudillière, J. P. (2008). The era of biomedicine: science, medicine, and public health in Britain and France after the Second World War. Medical history, 52(4), 441-452.
  • Senate, Federal Republic of Nigeria (Senate, 2008). National health bill 2008 (SB.50) Accessed on Dec. 10, 2010. Available from: http://www.unicef.org/nigeria/ng_publications_national _health_bill_2008.pdf
  • Shagaya, Y. J. (2015). Assessment of student’s satisfaction and quality of patient care under the Nigerian Tertiary Institutions Social Health Insurance Programme (TISHIP). European Journal of Business and Management, 7(6), 20-31.
  • Sheth, J. N., & Sisodia, R. S. (1999). Revisiting marketing’s lawlike generalizations. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 27(1), 71-87.
  • Spoz, A. (2024). Insurance sector and SDGs. In The Role of Financial Markets in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (pp. 93-116). Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Staelin, R. (2005). Influencing the practice through big new ideas. Journal of Marketing, 69(4), 21-22.
  • Steinberger, R., Fuart, F., van der Goot, E., Best, C., von Etter, P., & Yangarber, R. (2008). Text mining from the web for medical intelligence. In Mining massive data sets for security (pp. 295-310). IOS Press.
  • Stewart, D. W., & Zinkhan, G. M. (2006). Enhancing marketing theory in academic research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34, 477-480.
  • Sule, H. H. (2020). Challenges of Implementing Tertiary Institution Social Health Insurance Programme: Empirical Evidence from Southwest Nigeria. Canadian Social Science, 16(6), 21-31.
  • Torcson P. (2005) Customers Satisfaction on the Hospital’s services
  • Toscany Academy (2013) Health Insurance for Students in Nigeria. Available from: http://toscanyacademy.com/blog/student health insurance /insurance heath for students in Nigeria
  • Webster, F. E. (2005). Back to the future: integrating marketing as tactics, strategy, and organizational culture. Journal of Marketing, 69(4), 4-6.
  • Welcome M. O. (2011). The Nigerian health care system: Need for integrating adequate medical intelligence and surveillance systems. Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences, 3(4), 470–478. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.90100
  • World Bank (2023). Universal Health Coverage as a Sustainable Development Goal. https://datatopics.worldbank.org/world-development-indicators/stories/universal-health-coverage-as-a-sustainable-development-goal.html
  • Yadav, M. S. (2010). The decline of conceptual articles and implications for knowledge development. Journal of Marketing, 74(1), 1-19.
  • Yan, Z., & Lee, H. (2023). Insurance Contracting with Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard. Journal of Finance Issues, 21(2), 75-100.

A conceptual Paper on TISHIP and Moopen’s Golden Triangle of Ideal Healthcare Benefits for Students

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 244 - 254, 03.01.2026

Sunday Akpan

https://doi.org/10.59372/turajas.1494323

Abstract

This conceptual paper aims to examine the notion that Tertiary Institutions Social Health Insurance Programme (TISHIP) is a scheme that provides healthcare benefits specified in the Moopen’s Golden Triangle (MG∆) to students in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The argument that in some disciplines vis-a-vis huma problems the major challenge could be conceptual and addressing them must be done conceptually where greater emphasis is placed on the generation of big ideas that usually underscore a conceptual paper. This study is therefore, an attempt to develop a conceptual model that can be used in assessing the efficacy or accountability of TISHIP in terms of health care benefits for students. The method adopted in the study is qualitative with focus on exploratory research design. From the exploratory examination, a model for the assessment of the benefits of TISHIP for students in Nigerian Universities is proposed for use based on the tenets of the theory of demand for health insurance and on MG∆ of ideal healthcare which consists of accessibility, affordability and quality. Our proposed model is an extension of Moopen’s golden triangle with the addition of variety of health care services to capture the full objective of TISHIP. The application of this model could help in evaluating how effective the scheme has been since 2009 when it was implemented in Nigeria and could be used in assessing the deliveries or the accountability of TISHIP scheme in Nigerian Universities

Keywords

TISHIP Social Insurance healthcare benefits

References

  • Abdulraheem, I. S., Olapipo, A R, and Amodu, M. O. (2012). Primary health care services in Nigeria: critical issues and strategies for enhancing the use by the rural communities, Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology; 4:5-13.
  • Abimbola, S; Okoli, U; Olubajo, O; Abdullahi, M. J; and Pate, M. A. (2012). The Midwives Service Scheme in Nigeria. Plos Med 2012; 9 (5): e1001211. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001211. Access to Insurance Initiative (A2ii, n.d). Insurance and the Sustainable Development Goals. https://a2ii.org/en/sustainable-development-goals
  • Adesina, D. (2009) National Health Insurance Scheme. Available from http://thenigeriandoctor.org/news Agbo, H. A. and Okoh, E. O. (2014). Assessment of the Tertiary Institution Social Health Insurance Programme at the University of Jos Health Center, Journal of Biological and Chemical Research, 2014
  • Akande, T. M., & Monehin, J. O. (2004). Health management information system in private clinics in Ilorin, Nigeria. Nigerian Medical Practitioner, 46(5), 103-107.
  • Anetoh, M. U., Jibuaku, C. H., Nduka, S. O., & Uzodinma, S. U. (2017). Knowledge and Implementation of Tertiary Institutions’ Social Health Insurance Programme (TISHIP) in Nigeria: a case study of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Pan African Medical Journal, 28(1).
  • Asekun-Olarinmoye, E. O., Bamidele, J. O., Egbewale, B. E., Asekun-Olarinmoye, I. O., & Ojofeitimi, E. O. (2009). Consumer assessment of perceived quality of antenatal care services in a tertiary health care institution in Osun State, Nigeria. J Turkish-German GynecolAssoc, 10, 89-94.
  • Bamtefa, I. M., Okunade, I. E., Babalola, O., Ilori, T., Adeniji, F. I., Fafiolu, A. S., & Obembe, T. A. (2025). Tertiary institutions’ social health insurance program (TISHIP) in Southwestern Nigeria: How knowledgeable are the end-users?. PLOS Global Public Health, 5(5), 1-16
  • Bertelsmann Stiftung (2022). Sustainable Governance Indicators. Accessed Dec. 10, 2022). Available from https://www.sgi-network.org/2022/
  • Bey, T. A., Hahn, S. A., & Moecke, H. (2008). The current state of hospital-based emergency medicine in Germany. International journal of emergency medicine, 1(4), 273-277.
  • Bhattacharya, C. B., Sen, S., & Korschun, D. (2008). Using corporate social responsibility to win the war for talent. MIT Sloan management review, 49(2).
  • CARE-NET (2005). Repositioning the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) for effective take-off: From policy to Action Health Insurance. 2005. Jan. Accessed on Dec 10, 2022. Available: http://www.carenet.info/files/Health_Insuran
  • De Stampa, M., Vedel, I., Mauriat, C., Bagaragaza, E., Routelous, C., Bergman, H. ... & Henrard, J. C. (2010). Diagnostic study, design and implementation of an integrated model of care in France: a bottom-up process with a continuous leadership. International Journal of Integrated Care, 10, e034.
  • Derakhshani, N., Doshmangir, L., Ahmadi, A., Fakhri, A., Sadeghi-Bazargani, H., & Gordeev, V. S. (2020). Monitoring process barriers and enablers towards universal health coverage within the sustainable development goals: a systematic review and content analysis. ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research, 459-472.
  • Doetinchem, O., Carrin, G., & Evans, D. (2010). Thinking of introducing social health insurance? Ten questions. World health report. Background paper, No. 26
  • Dougherty, D., & Conway, P. H. (2008). The “3T’s” road map to transform US health care: the “how” of high-quality care. Jama, 299(19), 2319-2321.
  • Elias C, A., Anne C, N., Chinonso J, O., Pamela C, O., Anthony C, O., & Chukwuebuka V, O. (2019). Utilization of tertiary institutions social health insurance programme (TISHIP) among undergraduate students in Enugu State. Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 28(4), 413-422.
  • Essien, N. L. (2025). Financial risk protection and Nigeria’s journey towards universal health coverage. npj Health Systems, 2(1), 1-9.
  • Geofery, L., Joshua, E. A., Njiti, M., Ivor, N. C., Malgwi, F. A., Hassan, J. M., ... & Dick, O. A. (2018). The Practice of Universal Precautions among Student Radiographers in Their Clinical Phase of Training. Nigerian Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, 7(1).
  • Green-Pedersen, C., & Wilkerson, J. (2006). How agenda-setting attributes shape politics: basic dilemmas, problem attention and health politics developments in Denmark and the US. Journal of European Public Policy, 13(7), 1039-1052.
  • Habib, S. S., & Zaidi, S. (2021). Exploring willingness to pay for health insurance and preferences for a benefits package from the perspective of women from low-income households of Karachi, Pakistan. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1), 1-9.
  • Harishchandra, Navindu. (2021). Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371685764_Adverse_Selection_and_Moral_Hazard Health Insurance report. Repositioning the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS, 2005) for effective take-off: From policy to Action. Quart Health Insur J.; 7:1–4
  • Ibiwoye, A., & Adeleke, A. A. (2007). The impact of health insurance on health care provision in developing countries. Ghana Journal of Development Studies, 4(2), 49-58.
  • Jeremiah, V. T., Joseph, O. I., & Innocent, N. O. (2019). Awareness and patronage of the tertiary institutions social health insurance programme (TISHIP) among students of tertiary institutions in Abuja, Nigeria. Global Journal of Applied Management and Social Science, 17, 32-37.
  • Joint Learning Network for universal health coverage. (2013). Nigeria National Health Insurance System. Available from Http://www.
  • Lee, J. J., & Kim, H. (2023). Conceptual articles may disrupt the field of marketing but continue to decline in numbers: Evidence from a GPT-assisted study. arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.14724.
  • Lewis M. (2016) “Governance and corruption in public health care systems.” Center for Global Development Working Paper No 78. 2006. Accessed on Dec. 10, 2022.
  • MacInnis, D. J. (2004). Where have all the papers gone? Reflections on the decline of conceptual articles. Association for Consumer Research Newsletter, 1, 1-3.
  • Moopen, A. (2020). The importance of accessible and sustainable healthcare. https://insights.omnia-health.com/management/importance-accessible-and-sustainable-healthcare
  • National Health Act, (2014)
  • National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) (2005) Public Use Data Release – CDC NHIS Newsletter, VCSHIP and CBSHIP (2012). Giant strides towards universal coverage. NHIS Publications. 2012; 1 (2). 18.
  • Nigeria National Health Conference (2009) Communique. Abuja, Nigeria. Accessed on Nov. 5, 2022. Available from: http://www.ngnhc.org
  • Nyman, J. A. (2003). The theory of demand for health insurance. Stanford University Press.
  • Obiechina, G. O., & Ekenedo, G. O. (2013). Factors affecting utilization of university health services in a tertiary institution in South West Nigeria. Nigerian journal of clinical practice, 16(4).
  • Odoch, W. D., Senkubuge, F., & Hongoro, C. (2021). How has sustainable development goals declaration influenced health financing reforms for universal health coverage at the country level? A scoping review of literature. Globalization and health, 17(1), 50.
  • Ofili, A. N., & Ofovwe, C. E. (2005). Patients' assessment of efficiency of services at a teaching hospital in a developing country. Annals of African Medicine, 4(4).
  • Okaro, A. O., Ohagwu, C. C., & Njoku, J. (2010). Awareness and perception of national health insurance scheme (NHIS) among radiographers in south east Nigeria. American Journal of Scientific Research, 8(1), 18-25.
  • Olarewanju, T. (2011): National Health Insurance Scheme: Of what Benefit to Nigerian Masses. Nigerian Tribune Newspaper Published in November, 2011
  • Omoruan, A. I., Bamidele, A. P., & Phillips, O. F. (2009). Social health insurance and sustainable healthcare reform in Nigeria. Studies on Ethno-Medicine, 3(2), 105-110.
  • Onwujekwe, O., Onoka, C., Uguru, N., Nnenna, T., Uzochukwu, B., Eze, S. ... & Petu, A. (2010). Preferences for benefit packages for community-based health insurance: an exploratory study in Nigeria. BMC health services research, 10(1), 1-7.
  • Oriolowo, O. B., Asarya, A., & Olarongbe, G. (2022). Awareness and Perceptions of College Students on Tertiary Institution Social Health Insurance Pro-gramme (TISHIP). Medicon Medical Sciences, 3, 04-12.
  • Osuchukwu Nelson, C., Osonwa Kalu, O., Eko Jimmy, E., Uwanede, C. C., & Abeshi, S. E. (2013). Evaluating the impact of national health insurance scheme on health care consumers in calabar metropolis, southern Nigeria. International Journal of Learning and Development, 3(4), 30-45.
  • Prohealth HMO. (2013). TISHIP. Available from http://prohealthhmo.com
  • Quirke, V., & Gaudillière, J. P. (2008). The era of biomedicine: science, medicine, and public health in Britain and France after the Second World War. Medical history, 52(4), 441-452.
  • Senate, Federal Republic of Nigeria (Senate, 2008). National health bill 2008 (SB.50) Accessed on Dec. 10, 2010. Available from: http://www.unicef.org/nigeria/ng_publications_national _health_bill_2008.pdf
  • Shagaya, Y. J. (2015). Assessment of student’s satisfaction and quality of patient care under the Nigerian Tertiary Institutions Social Health Insurance Programme (TISHIP). European Journal of Business and Management, 7(6), 20-31.
  • Sheth, J. N., & Sisodia, R. S. (1999). Revisiting marketing’s lawlike generalizations. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 27(1), 71-87.
  • Spoz, A. (2024). Insurance sector and SDGs. In The Role of Financial Markets in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (pp. 93-116). Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Staelin, R. (2005). Influencing the practice through big new ideas. Journal of Marketing, 69(4), 21-22.
  • Steinberger, R., Fuart, F., van der Goot, E., Best, C., von Etter, P., & Yangarber, R. (2008). Text mining from the web for medical intelligence. In Mining massive data sets for security (pp. 295-310). IOS Press.
  • Stewart, D. W., & Zinkhan, G. M. (2006). Enhancing marketing theory in academic research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34, 477-480.
  • Sule, H. H. (2020). Challenges of Implementing Tertiary Institution Social Health Insurance Programme: Empirical Evidence from Southwest Nigeria. Canadian Social Science, 16(6), 21-31.
  • Torcson P. (2005) Customers Satisfaction on the Hospital’s services
  • Toscany Academy (2013) Health Insurance for Students in Nigeria. Available from: http://toscanyacademy.com/blog/student health insurance /insurance heath for students in Nigeria
  • Webster, F. E. (2005). Back to the future: integrating marketing as tactics, strategy, and organizational culture. Journal of Marketing, 69(4), 4-6.
  • Welcome M. O. (2011). The Nigerian health care system: Need for integrating adequate medical intelligence and surveillance systems. Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences, 3(4), 470–478. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.90100
  • World Bank (2023). Universal Health Coverage as a Sustainable Development Goal. https://datatopics.worldbank.org/world-development-indicators/stories/universal-health-coverage-as-a-sustainable-development-goal.html
  • Yadav, M. S. (2010). The decline of conceptual articles and implications for knowledge development. Journal of Marketing, 74(1), 1-19.
  • Yan, Z., & Lee, H. (2023). Insurance Contracting with Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard. Journal of Finance Issues, 21(2), 75-100.
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Finance and Investment (Other)
Journal Section Review
Authors

Sunday Akpan 0000-0002-3762-447X

Submission Date June 2, 2024
Acceptance Date August 25, 2025
Publication Date January 3, 2026
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Akpan, S. (2026). A conceptual Paper on TISHIP and Moopen’s Golden Triangle of Ideal Healthcare Benefits for Students. Turkish Research Journal of Academic Social Science, 8(2), 244-254. https://doi.org/10.59372/turajas.1494323

ISSN: 2667-4491

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