Abstract
References
- Badulescu, D., & Badulescu, A. (2014). Medical tourism: between entrepreneurship opportunities and bioethics boundaries: narrative review article. Iran J Public Health., 43(4), 406–415. PMID: 26005650; PMCID: PMC4433721.
- Ganguli, S., & Ebrahim, A. H. (2017). A qualitative analysis of Singapore’s medical tourism competitiveness. Tourism Management Perspectives, 21, 74–84.
- Hadian, M., Jabbari, A., Mousavi, S. H., & Sheikhbardsiri, H. (2021). Medical tourism development: A systematic review of economic aspects. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 14(2), 576–582.
- Kılavuz, E. (2018). Medical Tourism Competition: The Case of Turkey. International Journal of Health Management and Tourism, 3(1), 42–58.
- Latief, A., & Ulfa, M. (2024). Healthcare Facilities and Medical Tourism Across the World: A Bibliometric Analysis. Malays J Med Sci., 31(2), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2024.31.2.3. Epub 2024 Apr 23. PMID: 38694584; PMCID: PMC11057838.
- Lunt, N., Smith, R. D., Mannion, R., Green, S. T., Exworthy, M., Hanefeld, J., Horsfall, D., & Machin, L. (2014). Medical tourism: Treatments, markets and health system implications – a scoping review (Health Services and Delivery Research, No. 2.2). Southampton, UK: NIHR Journals Library.
- Medical Tourism Association. (2021). Medical Tourism Index (MTI) 2020–2021 Report.
- MedicalTourism.com. (2021). Global medical procedure cost comparison database. Retrieved October 2025, from https://www.medicaltourism.com
- Porter, M. E. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York: Free Press.
- Raoofi, S., Khodayari-Zarnaq, R., & Vatankhah, S. (2024). Healthcare provision for medical tourism: A comparative review. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 13, 63.
- Sandberg, D. S. (2017). Medical tourism: An emerging global healthcare industry. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 10(4), 281–288.
- Sarwar, A. A., Manaf, N. A., & Omar, A. (2012). Medical Tourist's Perception in Selecting their Destination: A Global Perspective. Iran J Public Health., 41(8), 1–7. Epub 2012 Aug 31. PMID: 23113218; PMCID: PMC3469025.
- Turner, L. (2010). “Medical tourism” and the global marketplace in health services: U.S. patients, international hospitals, and the search for affordable health care. International Journal of Health Services, 40(3), 443–467. https://doi.org/10.2190/HS.40.3.D.
- https.//www.tuseb.gov.tr/.
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health. (n.d.). HealthTürkiye (Official portal). Retrieved October 2025, from https://www.healthturkiye.gov.tr.
Abstract
Sağlık hizmetlerinin küreselleşmesi ve uygun maliyetli tedavilere yönelik artan talep, sağlık turizmini küresel sağlık ekonomisinin hızla büyüyen bir bileşeni hâline getirmiştir. Medical Tourism Cost Index 2021, dünya genelindeki başlıca destinasyonlarda uygulanan tedavi maliyetlerini kapsamlı biçimde ortaya koyarak, sağlık hizmeti pazarındaki ekonomik farklılıkları ve rekabet düzeyini gözler önüne sermektedir.
Bu çalışma, Amerika, Kolombiya, Hindistan, Ürdün, Meksika, Güney Kore, Tayland, Ukrayna ve Vietnam gibi önde gelen sağlık turizmi destinasyonlarında cerrahi ve terapötik işlem fiyatlarının karşılaştırmalı analizini gerçekleştirmektedir. 2021 yılı verileri, anjiyoplasti, kalp baypası, eklem protezleri, estetik cerrahiler ve göz tedavileri gibi işlemlerde ülkeler arası maliyet farklılıklarını belirlemek amacıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, tıbbi hizmet fiyatlarında önemli farklılıklar bulunduğunu; Asya ve Doğu Avrupa’daki gelişmekte olan ülkelerde maliyetlerin Kuzey Amerika’ya kıyasla %80’e kadar daha düşük olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar, maliyet unsurunun küresel hasta hareketliliğini şekillendirmedeki kritik rolünü vurgulamakta ve sağlık turizmi rekabetini artırmak isteyen ülkeler için stratejik politika planlamasının önemine dikkat çekmektedir.
Keywords
Sağlık turizmi sağlık ekonomisi tedavi maliyeti karşılaştırması küresel sağlık hizmetleri cerrahi fiyat endeksi
References
- Badulescu, D., & Badulescu, A. (2014). Medical tourism: between entrepreneurship opportunities and bioethics boundaries: narrative review article. Iran J Public Health., 43(4), 406–415. PMID: 26005650; PMCID: PMC4433721.
- Ganguli, S., & Ebrahim, A. H. (2017). A qualitative analysis of Singapore’s medical tourism competitiveness. Tourism Management Perspectives, 21, 74–84.
- Hadian, M., Jabbari, A., Mousavi, S. H., & Sheikhbardsiri, H. (2021). Medical tourism development: A systematic review of economic aspects. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 14(2), 576–582.
- Kılavuz, E. (2018). Medical Tourism Competition: The Case of Turkey. International Journal of Health Management and Tourism, 3(1), 42–58.
- Latief, A., & Ulfa, M. (2024). Healthcare Facilities and Medical Tourism Across the World: A Bibliometric Analysis. Malays J Med Sci., 31(2), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2024.31.2.3. Epub 2024 Apr 23. PMID: 38694584; PMCID: PMC11057838.
- Lunt, N., Smith, R. D., Mannion, R., Green, S. T., Exworthy, M., Hanefeld, J., Horsfall, D., & Machin, L. (2014). Medical tourism: Treatments, markets and health system implications – a scoping review (Health Services and Delivery Research, No. 2.2). Southampton, UK: NIHR Journals Library.
- Medical Tourism Association. (2021). Medical Tourism Index (MTI) 2020–2021 Report.
- MedicalTourism.com. (2021). Global medical procedure cost comparison database. Retrieved October 2025, from https://www.medicaltourism.com
- Porter, M. E. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York: Free Press.
- Raoofi, S., Khodayari-Zarnaq, R., & Vatankhah, S. (2024). Healthcare provision for medical tourism: A comparative review. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 13, 63.
- Sandberg, D. S. (2017). Medical tourism: An emerging global healthcare industry. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 10(4), 281–288.
- Sarwar, A. A., Manaf, N. A., & Omar, A. (2012). Medical Tourist's Perception in Selecting their Destination: A Global Perspective. Iran J Public Health., 41(8), 1–7. Epub 2012 Aug 31. PMID: 23113218; PMCID: PMC3469025.
- Turner, L. (2010). “Medical tourism” and the global marketplace in health services: U.S. patients, international hospitals, and the search for affordable health care. International Journal of Health Services, 40(3), 443–467. https://doi.org/10.2190/HS.40.3.D.
- https.//www.tuseb.gov.tr/.
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health. (n.d.). HealthTürkiye (Official portal). Retrieved October 2025, from https://www.healthturkiye.gov.tr.
Abstract
The globalization of healthcare services and the rising demand for affordable medical procedures have positioned medical tourism as a rapidly expanding component of the global health economy. The Medical Tourism Cost Index 2021 provides a comprehensive overview of international treatment costs across major destinations, highlighting the economic disparities and competitiveness within the healthcare market. This study conducts a comparative analysis of surgical and therapeutic procedure prices in leading medical tourism destinations including the United States, Colombia, India, Jordan, Mexico, South Korea, Thailand, Ukraine, and Vietnam. Data from 2021 were evaluated to identify cost variations among countries and regions, focusing on procedures such as angioplasty, bypass surgery, joint replacement, cosmetic surgeries, and ophthalmic treatments. Findings reveal significant differences in medical service pricing, with developing countries in Asia and Eastern Europe offering up to 80% lower costs than those in North America. These results emphasize the critical role of cost in shaping global patient mobility and underscore the importance of strategic policy planning for countries aiming to strengthen their medical tourism competitiveness.
Keywords
Medical tourism health economics treatment cost comparison global healthcare surgical pricing index.
Ethical Statement
ETİK BEYANA GEREK YOKTUR.
Supporting Institution
YOK
Thanks
DR.MESUT KARAMAN HOCAYA TEŞEKKÜR EDERİM.
References
- Badulescu, D., & Badulescu, A. (2014). Medical tourism: between entrepreneurship opportunities and bioethics boundaries: narrative review article. Iran J Public Health., 43(4), 406–415. PMID: 26005650; PMCID: PMC4433721.
- Ganguli, S., & Ebrahim, A. H. (2017). A qualitative analysis of Singapore’s medical tourism competitiveness. Tourism Management Perspectives, 21, 74–84.
- Hadian, M., Jabbari, A., Mousavi, S. H., & Sheikhbardsiri, H. (2021). Medical tourism development: A systematic review of economic aspects. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 14(2), 576–582.
- Kılavuz, E. (2018). Medical Tourism Competition: The Case of Turkey. International Journal of Health Management and Tourism, 3(1), 42–58.
- Latief, A., & Ulfa, M. (2024). Healthcare Facilities and Medical Tourism Across the World: A Bibliometric Analysis. Malays J Med Sci., 31(2), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2024.31.2.3. Epub 2024 Apr 23. PMID: 38694584; PMCID: PMC11057838.
- Lunt, N., Smith, R. D., Mannion, R., Green, S. T., Exworthy, M., Hanefeld, J., Horsfall, D., & Machin, L. (2014). Medical tourism: Treatments, markets and health system implications – a scoping review (Health Services and Delivery Research, No. 2.2). Southampton, UK: NIHR Journals Library.
- Medical Tourism Association. (2021). Medical Tourism Index (MTI) 2020–2021 Report.
- MedicalTourism.com. (2021). Global medical procedure cost comparison database. Retrieved October 2025, from https://www.medicaltourism.com
- Porter, M. E. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York: Free Press.
- Raoofi, S., Khodayari-Zarnaq, R., & Vatankhah, S. (2024). Healthcare provision for medical tourism: A comparative review. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 13, 63.
- Sandberg, D. S. (2017). Medical tourism: An emerging global healthcare industry. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 10(4), 281–288.
- Sarwar, A. A., Manaf, N. A., & Omar, A. (2012). Medical Tourist's Perception in Selecting their Destination: A Global Perspective. Iran J Public Health., 41(8), 1–7. Epub 2012 Aug 31. PMID: 23113218; PMCID: PMC3469025.
- Turner, L. (2010). “Medical tourism” and the global marketplace in health services: U.S. patients, international hospitals, and the search for affordable health care. International Journal of Health Services, 40(3), 443–467. https://doi.org/10.2190/HS.40.3.D.
- https.//www.tuseb.gov.tr/.
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health. (n.d.). HealthTürkiye (Official portal). Retrieved October 2025, from https://www.healthturkiye.gov.tr.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Management |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Submission Date | November 4, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | November 23, 2025 |
| Publication Date | January 3, 2026 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 2 |
ISSN: 2667-4491
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