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COVID-19 AND BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS: UNDERSTANDING HUMAN BEHAVIOR DURING A GLOBAL PANDEMIC

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 97 - 105, 16.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.55050/sarad.1301510

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemic; It has not only revealed important health problems but also revealed the complex relationship between human behavior and public health outcomes. The field of behavioral economics offers valuable information for understanding the behavioral aspects of the epidemic. In addition, it provides a framework for policymakers to effectively mitigate the impact of the epidemic. The aim of this study is to highlight the relationship between COVID-19 and behavioral economics, the basic concepts of behavioral economics and their applications in pandemic response strategies. When the literature is examined, one of the behavioral economics principles in the COVID-19 period; It seems that framing, cognitive biases, default options, encouragement, and the right use of nudging can positively change the course of the epidemic. Thanks to behavioral economics, it will also be effective to encourage the use of vaccines, hand washing, social distancing and masks to prevent the spread of the epidemic. Considering that people are under the influence of behavioral economics principles such as being influenced by the behavior of others, nudging will help change human behavior. While overcoming the challenges of the epidemic, integrating behavioral economics into public health initiatives is thought to be effective in shaping behavior and encouraging lasting health behavior.

References

  • Ağan, B. (2020). Davranışsal iktisatta Covid-19 pandemi süreci: kaygı hızlarının sosyo ekonomik karar alma davranışları üzerine etkisi. Elektronik Türkçe Çalışmalar,.15 (6), 1001-1016.
  • Aldemir, C., ve Kaya M., (2020). Dürtme fikrinin bir kamu politikası aracı olarak Covid-19 döneminde hükümetler tarafından uygulanması. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 19 (covıd-19 özel sayı), 122-142.
  • Allcott, H., Boxell, L., Conway, J., Gentzkow, M., Thaler, M., & Yang, D. (2020). Polarization and public health: partisan differences in social distancing during the coronavirus pandemic. Journal of Public Economics, 191, 104254,1-11.
  • Betsch, C., Böhm, R., & Korn, L. (2020). Inviting free-riders or appealing to prosocial behavior? Game-theoretical reflections on communicating herd immunity in vaccine advocacy. Health Psychology, 39(3), 212-217.
  • Bicchieri, C., Fatas, E., Aldama, A., Casas, A., Deshpande, I., Lauro, M., ... & Wen, R. (2021). In science we (should) trust: expectations and compliance across nine countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Plos One, 16(6), 1-17, E0252892.
  • Bicchieri, C., Lindemans, J. W., Jiang, T., & Zhang, L. (2020). It's not a game anymore: changing social norms in the pandemic. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(10), 1026-1032.
  • Brewer, N. T., Chapman, G. B., Rothman, A. J., Leask, J., & Kempe, A. (2017). Increasing vaccination: putting psychological science into action. Psychological Science in The Public Interest, 18(3), 149-207.
  • Can, Y. (2012). İktisatta psikolojik insan faktörü: davranışsal iktisat. Hukuk ve İktisat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(2), 91-98.
  • Cifuentes-Faura, J. (2020). The importance of behavioral economics during COVID-19. Journal Of Economics And Behavioral Studies, 12(3 (j)), 70-74.
  • Czeisler, M. É., Lane, R. I., Petrosky, E., Wiley, J. F., Christensen, A., Njai, R., ... & Rajaratnam, S. M. (2020). Mental health, substance use, and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic—united states, june 24–30, 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(32), 1049.
  • Ferraro, P. J., Miranda, J. J., & Price, M. K. (2021). The effectiveness of default options to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Nature Communications, 12(1), 1-9.
  • Grant, A. M., & Hofmann, D. A. (2011). It’s not all about me: Motivating hand hygiene among health care professionals by focusing on patients. Psychological science, 22(12), 1494-1499.
  • Halpern, D., French, S., & Small, M. L. (2017). Behavioral economics and the study of health inequalities. Journal of Health And Social Behavior, 58(3), 268-284.
  • Hsiang, S., Allen, D., Annan-Phan, S., Bell, K., Bolliger, I., Chong, T., ... & Wu, T. (2020). The effect of large-scale anti-contagion policies on the covıd-19 pandemic. Nature, 584(7820), 262-267.
  • Jordan, J. J., Yoeli, E., & Rand, D. G. (2021). Don’t get it or don’t spread it: Comparing self-interested versus prosocial motivations for COVID-19 prevention behaviors. Scientific reports, 11(1), 20222, 1-17.
  • Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263-292.
  • Karagöl, V. (2020). Covıd-19 salgını ile mücadelede davranışsal iktisadın rolü. Düzce İktisat Dergisi, 1 (1), 1-10. Loewenstein, G., & Thaler, R. H. (1989). Anomalies: intertemporal choice. Journal of economic perspectives, 3(4), 181-193.
  • Mazur, D. J., & Hickam, D. H. (1997). Patients' preferences for risk disclosure and role in decision making for invasive medical procedures. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 12, 114-117.
  • Oliver, E. J., Rigby, E., & Reay, G. (2020). The effect of default options in vaccination choice. Medical decision making, 40(7), 881-891.
  • Patel, M. S., Volpp, K. G., Rosin, R., Bellamy, S. L., Small, D. S., Fletcher, M., ... & Asch, D. A. (2016). A randomized trial of social comparison feedback and financial incentives to increase physical activity. American journal of health promotion, 30(6), 416-424.
  • Polack, F. P., Thomas, S. J., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., ... & Pérez, J. L. (2020). Safety and efficacy of the bnt162b2 mrna covid-19 vaccine. New england journal of medicine, 383(27), 2603-2615.
  • Saleska, J. L., & Choi, K. R. (2021). A behavioral economics perspective on the COVID-19 vaccine amid public mistrust. Translational behavioral medicine, 11(3), 821-825.
  • Soofi, M., Najafi, F., & Karami-Matin, B. (2020). Using insights from behavioral economics to mitigate the spread of covıd-19. Applied health economics and health policy, 18, 345-350.
  • Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: ımproving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. Yale university press.
  • Türken, A., & Çapar, H. (2023). Vaccine hesitancy in patients with COVID-19 who have back pain. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, 14(2), 100.
  • Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211(4481), 453-458.
  • Updegraff, J. A., Brick, C., Emanuel, A. S., Mintzer, R. E., & Sherman, D. K. (2015). Message framing for health: moderation by perceived susceptibility and motivational orientation in a diverse sample of Americans. Health psychology, 34(1), 20.
  • Van Bavel, J. J., Baicker, K., Boggio, P. S., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., ... & Drury, J. (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support covıd-19 pandemic response. Nature human behaviour, 4(5), 460-471.
  • WHO. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): How is it transmitted? Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-how-is-it-transmitted. Erişim tarihi: 11.02.2023

COVID-19 VE DAVRANIŞSAL İKTİSAT: KÜRESEL BİR PANDEMİ SIRASINDA İNSAN DAVRANIŞINI ANLAMAK

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 97 - 105, 16.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.55050/sarad.1301510

Abstract

COVID-19 salgını; yalnızca önemli sağlık sorunları ortaya çıkarmakla kalmamış, insan davranışı ile halk sağlığı sonuçları arasındaki karmaşık ilişkiyi de ortaya çıkarmıştır. Davranışsal iktisat alanı, salgının davranışsal yönlerini anlamak için değerli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Buna ek olarak politika yapıcılara salgının etkisini etkili bir şekilde azaltmaları için bir çerçeve sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 ile davranışsal iktisadın ilişkisini, davranışsal iktisat ile ilgili temel kavramları ve bunların pandemi müdahale stratejilerindeki uygulamalarını vurgulamaktır. Literatür incelendiğinde COVID-19 döneminde davranışsal iktisat ilkelerinden olan; çerçeveleme, bilişsel önyargılar, varsayılan seçenekler, teşvik etme ve dürtmenin doğru kullanımıyla salgının yönünü pozitif şekilde değiştirebileceği görülmektedir. Davranışsal iktisat sayesinde, salgının yayılmasının önüne geçmek için aşı, el yıkama, sosyal mesafe ve maske kullanımına teşvik etmek de etkili olacaktır. İnsanların başkalarının davranışlarından etkilenme, dürtme gibi davranışsal iktisat ilkelerinin etkisi altında olduğu düşünüldüğünde, insan davranışlarının değiştirilmesine yardımcı olacaktır. Salgının zorluklarını aşarken, davranışsal iktisadı halk sağlığı girişimlerine entegre etmek, davranışı şekillendirmede ve kalıcı sağlık davranışına teşvik etmede etkili olacağı düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Ağan, B. (2020). Davranışsal iktisatta Covid-19 pandemi süreci: kaygı hızlarının sosyo ekonomik karar alma davranışları üzerine etkisi. Elektronik Türkçe Çalışmalar,.15 (6), 1001-1016.
  • Aldemir, C., ve Kaya M., (2020). Dürtme fikrinin bir kamu politikası aracı olarak Covid-19 döneminde hükümetler tarafından uygulanması. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 19 (covıd-19 özel sayı), 122-142.
  • Allcott, H., Boxell, L., Conway, J., Gentzkow, M., Thaler, M., & Yang, D. (2020). Polarization and public health: partisan differences in social distancing during the coronavirus pandemic. Journal of Public Economics, 191, 104254,1-11.
  • Betsch, C., Böhm, R., & Korn, L. (2020). Inviting free-riders or appealing to prosocial behavior? Game-theoretical reflections on communicating herd immunity in vaccine advocacy. Health Psychology, 39(3), 212-217.
  • Bicchieri, C., Fatas, E., Aldama, A., Casas, A., Deshpande, I., Lauro, M., ... & Wen, R. (2021). In science we (should) trust: expectations and compliance across nine countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Plos One, 16(6), 1-17, E0252892.
  • Bicchieri, C., Lindemans, J. W., Jiang, T., & Zhang, L. (2020). It's not a game anymore: changing social norms in the pandemic. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(10), 1026-1032.
  • Brewer, N. T., Chapman, G. B., Rothman, A. J., Leask, J., & Kempe, A. (2017). Increasing vaccination: putting psychological science into action. Psychological Science in The Public Interest, 18(3), 149-207.
  • Can, Y. (2012). İktisatta psikolojik insan faktörü: davranışsal iktisat. Hukuk ve İktisat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(2), 91-98.
  • Cifuentes-Faura, J. (2020). The importance of behavioral economics during COVID-19. Journal Of Economics And Behavioral Studies, 12(3 (j)), 70-74.
  • Czeisler, M. É., Lane, R. I., Petrosky, E., Wiley, J. F., Christensen, A., Njai, R., ... & Rajaratnam, S. M. (2020). Mental health, substance use, and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic—united states, june 24–30, 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(32), 1049.
  • Ferraro, P. J., Miranda, J. J., & Price, M. K. (2021). The effectiveness of default options to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Nature Communications, 12(1), 1-9.
  • Grant, A. M., & Hofmann, D. A. (2011). It’s not all about me: Motivating hand hygiene among health care professionals by focusing on patients. Psychological science, 22(12), 1494-1499.
  • Halpern, D., French, S., & Small, M. L. (2017). Behavioral economics and the study of health inequalities. Journal of Health And Social Behavior, 58(3), 268-284.
  • Hsiang, S., Allen, D., Annan-Phan, S., Bell, K., Bolliger, I., Chong, T., ... & Wu, T. (2020). The effect of large-scale anti-contagion policies on the covıd-19 pandemic. Nature, 584(7820), 262-267.
  • Jordan, J. J., Yoeli, E., & Rand, D. G. (2021). Don’t get it or don’t spread it: Comparing self-interested versus prosocial motivations for COVID-19 prevention behaviors. Scientific reports, 11(1), 20222, 1-17.
  • Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263-292.
  • Karagöl, V. (2020). Covıd-19 salgını ile mücadelede davranışsal iktisadın rolü. Düzce İktisat Dergisi, 1 (1), 1-10. Loewenstein, G., & Thaler, R. H. (1989). Anomalies: intertemporal choice. Journal of economic perspectives, 3(4), 181-193.
  • Mazur, D. J., & Hickam, D. H. (1997). Patients' preferences for risk disclosure and role in decision making for invasive medical procedures. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 12, 114-117.
  • Oliver, E. J., Rigby, E., & Reay, G. (2020). The effect of default options in vaccination choice. Medical decision making, 40(7), 881-891.
  • Patel, M. S., Volpp, K. G., Rosin, R., Bellamy, S. L., Small, D. S., Fletcher, M., ... & Asch, D. A. (2016). A randomized trial of social comparison feedback and financial incentives to increase physical activity. American journal of health promotion, 30(6), 416-424.
  • Polack, F. P., Thomas, S. J., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., ... & Pérez, J. L. (2020). Safety and efficacy of the bnt162b2 mrna covid-19 vaccine. New england journal of medicine, 383(27), 2603-2615.
  • Saleska, J. L., & Choi, K. R. (2021). A behavioral economics perspective on the COVID-19 vaccine amid public mistrust. Translational behavioral medicine, 11(3), 821-825.
  • Soofi, M., Najafi, F., & Karami-Matin, B. (2020). Using insights from behavioral economics to mitigate the spread of covıd-19. Applied health economics and health policy, 18, 345-350.
  • Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: ımproving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. Yale university press.
  • Türken, A., & Çapar, H. (2023). Vaccine hesitancy in patients with COVID-19 who have back pain. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, 14(2), 100.
  • Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211(4481), 453-458.
  • Updegraff, J. A., Brick, C., Emanuel, A. S., Mintzer, R. E., & Sherman, D. K. (2015). Message framing for health: moderation by perceived susceptibility and motivational orientation in a diverse sample of Americans. Health psychology, 34(1), 20.
  • Van Bavel, J. J., Baicker, K., Boggio, P. S., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., ... & Drury, J. (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support covıd-19 pandemic response. Nature human behaviour, 4(5), 460-471.
  • WHO. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): How is it transmitted? Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-how-is-it-transmitted. Erişim tarihi: 11.02.2023
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Behaviour-Personality Assessment in Psychology
Journal Section Review Article
Authors

İlknur Arslan Aras 0000-0003-4030-0158

Early Pub Date September 28, 2023
Publication Date January 16, 2024
Submission Date May 24, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Arslan Aras, İ. (2024). COVID-19 VE DAVRANIŞSAL İKTİSAT: KÜRESEL BİR PANDEMİ SIRASINDA İNSAN DAVRANIŞINI ANLAMAK. Sağlık Ve Sosyal Refah Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 97-105. https://doi.org/10.55050/sarad.1301510


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