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Umayyad Political Theology and Jahm ibn Safwan
Abstract
This study focuses on the religious and political relations between the Umayyads and Jahm b. Safwān (d. 128/745-46), the pioneer of Jabriyya, who dominated the theopolitical Jabrī mentality in the state. Accordingly, it aims to reveal the similarities and conflicts of both mentalities in their understanding of fate. Since ideas and ideologies cannot be independent from the social environments in which they emerge, the nature of the Umayyad theopolitical ideology of jabr and the theological philosophy of al-Jahm and the points of intersection and divergence of both paradigms are emphasized. Although it is accepted that Jahm b. Safwān, who lived during the Umayyad period, was the first Islamic thinker who systematically addressed and articulated the idea of jabr for the first time, it was during the reign of Muāwiya b. Abū Sufyān (d. 60/680) (661-680) that it was turned into a state policy and given an ideological structure. It has been tried to determine why the two mentalities, which adopted the fatalist/jabrite thought as a principle, could not reconcile and preferred conflict, and whether political reasons or theological differences played a role in the basis of the conflict. It seems to be a paradox that a character who is claimed to have adopted the Jabrite understanding as a principle, on the one hand, is accepted as the theoretician of the view of khalq al- Qur'ān, which is considered the symbol of human freedom, and on the other hand, he struggles with the Umayyad ideology. Al-Jahm thought that the real owner of actions was Allah (swt) and that they should be attributed to man figuratively, and that all animate and inanimate beings in nature were subject to the same law. He claimed that man is the cause, not the creator, of his own actions, which is not different from the theory of predestination advocated by al-Ash'arī. It is understood that the ontological theory of jabr that al-Jahm defended was different from the Umayyad ideology of divine jabr. The study does not include other theological views of al-Jahm except for his views on khalq al- Qur'ān and jabr. The method of literature review, systematic analysis and evaluation was used in this study. As a result, it was revealed that the political ideology of jabr imposed on the society by the Umayyads, who adopted monarchism, and the religious philosophy of jabr advocated by al-Jahm b. Safwān were completely different, and that the issue of Khalq al- Qur'ān , which became the common slogan of the supporters of human freedom of the period, played a key role in this conflict.
Keywords
Kaynakça
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Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
Türkçe
Konular
İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
Erkan Bulut
*
0000-0002-6062-6510
Türkiye
Erken Görünüm Tarihi
1 Ocak 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
31 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi
14 Kasım 2024
Kabul Tarihi
28 Aralık 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 1970 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2