Research Article

Umayyad Political Theology and Jahm ibn Safwan

Volume: 7 Number: 2 December 31, 2024
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Umayyad Political Theology and Jahm ibn Safwan

Abstract

This study focuses on the religious and political relations between the Umayyads and Jahm b. Safwān (d. 128/745-46), the pioneer of Jabriyya, who dominated the theopolitical Jabrī mentality in the state. Accordingly, it aims to reveal the similarities and conflicts of both mentalities in their understanding of fate. Since ideas and ideologies cannot be independent from the social environments in which they emerge, the nature of the Umayyad theopolitical ideology of jabr and the theological philosophy of al-Jahm and the points of intersection and divergence of both paradigms are emphasized. Although it is accepted that Jahm b. Safwān, who lived during the Umayyad period, was the first Islamic thinker who systematically addressed and articulated the idea of jabr for the first time, it was during the reign of Muāwiya b. Abū Sufyān (d. 60/680) (661-680) that it was turned into a state policy and given an ideological structure. It has been tried to determine why the two mentalities, which adopted the fatalist/jabrite thought as a principle, could not reconcile and preferred conflict, and whether political reasons or theological differences played a role in the basis of the conflict. It seems to be a paradox that a character who is claimed to have adopted the Jabrite understanding as a principle, on the one hand, is accepted as the theoretician of the view of khalq al- Qur'ān, which is considered the symbol of human freedom, and on the other hand, he struggles with the Umayyad ideology. Al-Jahm thought that the real owner of actions was Allah (swt) and that they should be attributed to man figuratively, and that all animate and inanimate beings in nature were subject to the same law. He claimed that man is the cause, not the creator, of his own actions, which is not different from the theory of predestination advocated by al-Ash'arī. It is understood that the ontological theory of jabr that al-Jahm defended was different from the Umayyad ideology of divine jabr. The study does not include other theological views of al-Jahm except for his views on khalq al- Qur'ān and jabr. The method of literature review, systematic analysis and evaluation was used in this study. As a result, it was revealed that the political ideology of jabr imposed on the society by the Umayyads, who adopted monarchism, and the religious philosophy of jabr advocated by al-Jahm b. Safwān were completely different, and that the issue of Khalq al- Qur'ān , which became the common slogan of the supporters of human freedom of the period, played a key role in this conflict.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Islamic Studies (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

January 1, 2025

Publication Date

December 31, 2024

Submission Date

November 14, 2024

Acceptance Date

December 28, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 1970 Volume: 7 Number: 2

APA
Bulut, E. (2025). Emevî Politik Teolojisi ve Cehm b. Safvân. Turkish Research Journal of Academic Social Science, 7(2), 217-228. https://doi.org/10.59372/turajas.1585563

ISSN: 2667-4491

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