Araştırma Makalesi

The Iatrogenesis Perception Scale: A Methodological Study

Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2 20 Ağustos 2026
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The Iatrogenesis Perception Scale: A Methodological Study

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The study focuses on developing a scale to measure the perception of iatrogenesis, a concept referring to unintended health consequences caused by medical interventions. Understanding iatrogenic effects is crucial for healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers to improve patient safety and healthcare quality. The research draws on Ivan Illich's framework, which categorizes iatrogenesis into clinical, social, and cultural dimensions, highlighting the broader societal and cultural impacts of medicalization. The study employed a quantitative research design using a survey method. Data were collected from 539 adult participants in Turkey through convenience sampling. The Perception of Iatrogenesis Scale, initially comprising 28 items, was developed based on Illich's work and refined through expert feedback. Statistical analyses included Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to assess construct validity, while Cronbach's Alpha values were used to evaluate reliability. The scale's context validity was tested using the Distrust in the Health System Scale. The final scale consisted of 19 items across three dimensions: clinical, social, and cultural iatrogenesis. EFA revealed a three-factor structure explaining 50.022% of the total variance, with factor loadings ranging from 0.52 to 0.72. CFA confirmed the model's acceptable fit (GFI = 0.924, RMSEA = 0.056). Reliability analysis showed Cronbach's Alpha values between 0.60 and 0.862, indicating good internal consistency. A positive correlation was found between distrust in the health system and the perception of iatrogenesis (p < 0.001). The Perception of Iatrogenesis Scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing individuals' perceptions of unintended medical outcomes. It provides valuable insights for identifying and mitigating iatrogenic risks in healthcare. The study underscores the importance of addressing clinical, social, and cultural dimensions of iatrogenesis to enhance healthcare safety and effectiveness. Future research could explore the scale's applicability in diverse populations and healthcare settings.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

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  2. Ataç, M. (2021). The Effect Of Mindfulness Based Stress Reductıon Program on The Quality Of Life in Patients With Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review, Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 12(2): 165–172. https://doi.org/10.14744/phd.2021.68736
  3. Babich, B. (2018). Ivan Illich’s Medical Nemesis and the ‘age of the show’: On the Expropriation of Death, Nursing Philosophy, 19(1): e12187. https://doi.org/10.1111/nup.12187
  4. Barnet, R. J. (2003). Ivan Illich and the Nemesis of Medicine, Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy, 6(3): 273–286. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025991708888
  5. Biley, F. C. (2010). The “Sickening” Search for Health: Ivan Illich’s revised thoughts on the medicalization of life and medical iatrogenesis, The International Journal of Healing and Caring, 10(2): 1–11.
  6. Çankaya, A., & Filiz, E. (2024). Yaşlı Bireylerin Sağlık Sistemine Güvenleri ve Sağlık Arama Davranışları, Balkan Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1): 27–48. https://doi.org/10.61830/balkansbd.1436532
  7. Carnero Contentti, E., López, P. A., Criniti, J., Alonso, R., Silva, B., Luetic, G., Correa-Díaz, E. P., Galleguillos, L., Navas, C., Soto de Castillo, I., Hamuy, F. D. de B., Gracia, F., Tkachuk, V., Weinshenker, B. G., & Rojas, J. I. (2023). Frequency of NMOSD misdiagnosis in a cohort from Latin America: Impact and evaluation of different contributors, Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 29(2): 277–286. https://doi.org/10.1177/13524585221136259
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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Ölçek Geliştirme, Sağlık Sosyolojisi, Sağlık Yönetimi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

20 Ağustos 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

22 Ocak 2026

Kabul Tarihi

1 Mayıs 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Göde, A. (2026). The Iatrogenesis Perception Scale: A Methodological Study. Turkish Research Journal of Academic Social Science, 9(2), 96-109. https://doi.org/10.59372/turajas.1869844
AMA
1.Göde A. The Iatrogenesis Perception Scale: A Methodological Study. TURAJAS. 2026;9(2):96-109. doi:10.59372/turajas.1869844
Chicago
Göde, Ali. 2026. “The Iatrogenesis Perception Scale: A Methodological Study”. Turkish Research Journal of Academic Social Science 9 (2): 96-109. https://doi.org/10.59372/turajas.1869844.
EndNote
Göde A (01 Ağustos 2026) The Iatrogenesis Perception Scale: A Methodological Study. Turkish Research Journal of Academic Social Science 9 2 96–109.
IEEE
[1]A. Göde, “The Iatrogenesis Perception Scale: A Methodological Study”, TURAJAS, c. 9, sy 2, ss. 96–109, Ağu. 2026, doi: 10.59372/turajas.1869844.
ISNAD
Göde, Ali. “The Iatrogenesis Perception Scale: A Methodological Study”. Turkish Research Journal of Academic Social Science 9/2 (01 Ağustos 2026): 96-109. https://doi.org/10.59372/turajas.1869844.
JAMA
1.Göde A. The Iatrogenesis Perception Scale: A Methodological Study. TURAJAS. 2026;9:96–109.
MLA
Göde, Ali. “The Iatrogenesis Perception Scale: A Methodological Study”. Turkish Research Journal of Academic Social Science, c. 9, sy 2, Ağustos 2026, ss. 96-109, doi:10.59372/turajas.1869844.
Vancouver
1.Ali Göde. The Iatrogenesis Perception Scale: A Methodological Study. TURAJAS. 01 Ağustos 2026;9(2):96-109. doi:10.59372/turajas.1869844

ISSN: 2667-4491

20120

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20119